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Comparative toxicity of silicon dioxide,silver and iron oxide nanoparticles after repeated oral administration to rats
Authors:Jun‐Won Yun  Seung‐Hyun Kim  Ji‐Ran You  Woo Ho Kim  Ja‐June Jang  Seung‐Kee Min  Hee Chan Kim  Doo Hyun Chung  Jayoung Jeong  Byeong‐Cheol Kang  Jeong‐Hwan Che
Affiliation:1. Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;5. Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Republic of Korea;6. Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;7. Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, N‐BIO, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;8. Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang‐gun, Gangwon‐do, Republic of Korea
Abstract:Although silicon dioxide (SiO2), silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles are widely used in diverse applications from food to biomedicine, in vivo toxicities of these nanoparticles exposed via the oral route remain highly controversial. To examine the systemic toxicity of these nanoparticles, well‐dispersed nanoparticles were orally administered to Sprague–Dawley rats daily over a 13‐week period. Based on the results of an acute toxicity and a 14‐day repeated toxicity study, 975.9, 1030.5 and 1000 mg kg–1 were selected as the highest dose of the SiO2, Ag and Fe2O3 nanoparticles, respectively, for the 13‐week repeated oral toxicity study. The SiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles did not induce dose‐related changes in a number of parameters associated with the systemic toxicity up to 975.9 and 1000 mg kg–1, respectively, whereas the Ag nanoparticles resulted in increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium as well as lymphocyte infiltration in liver and kidney, raising the possibility of liver and kidney toxicity induced by the Ag nanoparticles. Compared with the SiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles showing no systemic distribution in all tissues tested, the Ag concentration in sampled blood and organs in the Ag nanoparticle‐treated group significantly increased with a positive and/or dose‐related trend, meaning that the systemic toxicity of the Ag nanoparticles, including liver and kidney toxicity, might be explained by extensive systemic distribution of Ag originating from the Ag nanoparticles. Our current results suggest that further study is required to identify that Ag detected outside the gastrointestinal tract were indeed a nanoparticle form or ionized form. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords:nanoparticle  silicon dioxide  silver  iron oxide  toxicity  subchronic  biodistribution
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