我国海员适航情况初探(论著)

目的：对我国海员一些生理和神经心理指标进行检测，了解这些指标在航程中的变化，以探究他们适航的快慢程度和稳定性。方法：对同一航次的海员在开航前、开航后第1、3、5、10、20、30天各值班时检测在班海员的心率、呼吸、血压和视觉品质试验。结果：航初第1～5天海员值班时各项心身指标均不稳定，工作效能差。至第10、20天，除舒张压外，其余指标渐稳定，工作效能逐渐提高。及至第30天即将抵终点港时，除心率、舒张压外，各项指标又复不稳定，工作效能亦轻度减退，但仍较航初1～5天为佳。同时，航行中海员昼夜生物节律紊乱。结论：本研究结果表明，短程航行的海员适航情况可分为不适应期、适应的稳定期和适应的不稳定期。为缩短他们的适航过程，预防适应障碍，应加强海员的心身训练。

Study on fitness for sailing in Chinese seamen during Oceangoing voyage

Aim: Examination of some physiologlc and neuropsychologic indexes in Chinese seamen,so as to clarify the relationship between the changes of these indexes during voyage and their fitness and stability for sailing. Methods:Heart rate,respiration rate,blood pressure and visual attribute test in the seamen on duty during oceangoing voyage were deterforned before sailing and at the lst, 3rd, 5th, 10th,20th and 30th day during sailing. Results: Instability of heart rate,respiration rate and blood pressure was found in the seamen on duty during the lst~5 th days of voyage with the time required for visual attribute test longer and the working efficiency poorer. At the 10th and 20th day of voyage, the psychosth matic indexes,except for diastolic blood pressure,became progressively stable and the time required for visual attribute test was also shorter than that during the lst~5tb days of voyage together with the working efficiency gradually improved. Whereas at the tendnal 30th day of voyage, except for heart rate and diostolic blood pressure, these indexes became more or less unstable again,and at the same time, the time required for visual attribute test was prolonged and the working efficiency also somewhat decreased but was still better than that during the lst~5th days. Besides,disturbance of biologic circadian rhythm was observed under the voyage condition. Conclusion: The fitness for to sailing of seamen during oceangoing voyage of short distance ndght be divided into three stages,i. e. unadaptation stage,stable stage of adaptation and unstable stage of adaptation. In order to speed up their fitness for sailing and prevent them from adaptation impediment to the voyage condition,it is necessary to enhance their psychosomatic training.