青岛市城乡居民食物结构分析与评价

对青岛市城乡居民连续5年的膳食状况进行分析。结果表明,农村是以粮食为主的“主食型”膳食,表现为低脂高碳水化物型的特点,蛋白质摄入量少而质量差;相对农村而言,城市则为“副食型”膳食,表现为高脂低碳水化物型的特点,蛋白质摄入量足而质量优。某些无机盐和微量元素(钙、锌)及维生素(核黄素、视黄醇)的摄入,城乡均明显缺乏或处于低水平。提示青岛市城乡居民食物结构调整的重点是:城市应以调整肉类消费为主,以低脂的禽肉代替多脂的猪肉,控制脂肪摄入;农村则引导由“主食型”向“副食型”膳食结构的转变。

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF FOOD STRUCTURE OF RESIDENTS IN QINGDAO DISTRICT

The dietary status of the inhabitants of Qingdao district during the period from1986 to 1990 was investigated and analysed. The results showed that the diet of resi-dents in the rural areas consisted predominantly of cereals (a staple food pattern), whichare low in fat and high in carbohydrates and contain insignificant amounts of proteins oflow quality, whereas the townspeople lived on a diet composed mainly of non-staplefoods, which are high in fat and low in carbohydrates and contain ample anounts of pro-teins of high quality. The intake of some inorganic salts, microelements such as calciumand zinc and vitamins such as retinol and riboflavin was insufficient or on a low level,both in town and in the country-side. Hence we suggest that in the readjustment of thefood structure in Qingdao district, emphasis should be put on the following points: (1)For the townspeople, meat consumption should switch from high-fat pork to low-fatpoultry meat so as to reduce the intake of fat. (2) In the countryside, the people shouldbe encouraged and guided towards a change to the non-staple food pattern.