2353例机动车交通伤害住院患者的流行病学分析

目的 了解机动车交通伤害住院患者的基本状况及其分布特征，以加强相应的防范措施。方法 抽取湖南邵阳某医院1997～2001年间所有交通伤害住院患者的病案资料，按国际疾病分类标准(ICD-9E)进行诊断分类，对其基本特征进行描述性统计分析。结果 5年间该院收治交通伤害住院患者2353例，占同期该院总住院患者的3．16％，占同期伤害住院病例数的33．27％，男女性别比为2，37：1，以15-44岁年龄组所占比例最大(55．97％)，职业分布以农民最多(34．0％)。交通伤害最易损伤的部位是头部(33．57％)，入院时病情以中度为主(69．9％)，治愈率为64．5％。不同年龄的转归差异有显著性。随着年龄的增长，治愈率下降。结论 机动车交通伤害对城乡居民的健康危害大，是一个不容忽视的公共卫生问题。严重影响受伤者的生活质量。应通过制订相应的法规和制度、开展健康教育来控制和预防伤害的发生。

An epidemiological study of 2,353 patients injured in motor vehicle accidents]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical conditions of the in-patients with motor-vehicle injury and survey the distribution features of the injuries. METHODS: The clinical records of 2,353 patients with motor-vehicle injuries who were hospitalized in a hospital in Shaoyang City of Hunan Province, China, within the period from 1997 to 2001, were collected and surveyed. The patients were diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision (ICD-9) codes and statistical analysis was performed in an attempt to define the injury features of this cohort of patients. RESULTS: The patients with motor-vehicle injuries took up a fraction 3.16% of the total in-patients treated in this hospital (74,368) within the defined period, with a male to female ratio of 2.37:1.00. Subjects in the age range of 15 to 44 years were most likely to be involved in the accidents (55.9%), and in terms of occupation, farmers who lived outside the urban regions had the highest ratio in the total injured patients (34.0%). In the motor-vehicle accidents, the major injuries occurred in the head, usually with moderate severity when admitted into hospital (69.9%). CONCLUSION: Traffic accident is a crucial public health issue that severely affects the life quality of the wounded. Effective legislation and regulations should therefore be instituted, and relevant health education program be launched to control and prevent the occurrence of these accidents.