大学生成人依恋与人际交往效能感的关系

目的:探讨大学生的成人依恋与人际交往效能感的关系。方法:采用亲密关系经历量表(ECR)和人际交往效能感量表对280名大学生进行测试。结果:1大学生依恋类型分布不均衡,其中比例最高的是恐惧型(44.6%),其次是冷漠型(26.1%),安全型(15%)和专注型(14.3%)比例较低;2城镇学生的依恋回避分数显著低于农村学生(t=-2.304,P0.05),独生子女的依恋回避分数显著低于非独生子女(t=-3.492,P0.01);城镇学生的人际交往效能感显著高于农村学生(t=2.408,P0.05),独生子女的人际交往效能感显著高于非独生子女(t=2.393,P0.01);3依恋回避与亲合效能、自我印象效能、利他效能、沟通效能、自我价值感、情绪控制效能负相关(r=-0.251,-0.326,-0.160,-0.381,-0.229,-0.214;P0.01),依恋焦虑与自我印象效能、自我价值感效能和情绪控制效能负相关(r=-0.279,-0.249,-0.347,P0.01),与亲合效能、利他效能和沟通效能不相关(r=-0.103,-0.076,-0.078;P0.05);4不同依恋类型的大学生人际交往效能感存在显著差异(F=15.431,P0.01),其中安全型高于恐惧型、专注型和冷漠型,冷漠型高于恐惧型(P0.01);5依恋焦虑和依恋回避能够预测人际交往效能感(R2=0.221,P0.001)。结论:成人依恋影响大学生的人际交往效能感。

Relationship between Adult Attachment and Interpersonal Contact Efficacy in College Students

Objective:To explore the relationship between adult attachment and interpersonal contact efficacy of college students .Methods :A total of 280 college students were selected and measured with Experience in Close Rela-tionships Inventory(ECR)and the College Students'Interpersonal Contact Efficacy Scale .Results:① The distribution of college students'adult attachment type was not balanced .The proportion of fearful type ,dismissing type ,security type ,preoccupied type were 44 6.% ,26 1.% ,15% and 14 3.% .② Urban students were significantly lower than rural students in attachment avoidance(t=-2 3.04 ,P<0 0.5) ,one-child students were significantly lower than non -one-child students in attachment avoidance(t=-3 4.92 ,P<0 0.1) ,urban students were significantly higher than rural students in interpersonal contact efficacy (t=2 4.08 ,P<0 0.5) ,one child-students were significantly higher than non-one-child students (t=2 3.93 ,P<0 0.1) .③Attachment avoidance had significantly negative correlation with inti-mation efficacy ,self -impression efficacy ,benefit -others efficacy ,connection efficacy ,self -value efficacy ,mood -control efficacy(r=-0 2.51 ,-0 3.26 ,-0 1.60 ,-0 3.81 ,-0 2.29 ,-0 2.14 ;P<0 0.1) .Attachment anxiety had significantly neg-ative correlation with self -impression efficacy ,self -value efficacy and mood -control efficacy (r=-0 2.79 ,-0 2.49 ,-0 3.47 ;P<0 0.1) ,and had no correlation with intimation efficacy ,benefit -others efficacy and connection efficacy (r=-0 1.03 ,-0 0.76 ,-0 0.78;P>0 0.5) .④Different attachment styles of college students showed significant difference in interpersonal contact efficacy (F= 15 .431 ,P< 0 .01) ,security type scored higher than fearful type ,preoccupied type and dismissing type(P<0 0.1) ,dismissing type scored higher than fearful type(P<0 0.1) .⑤ Attachment anxie-ty and attachment avoidance had prediction on interpersonal contact efficacy .Conclusion:Adult attachment affects college students'interpersonal contact efficacy .