医学生的绝望感与自杀意念:心理韧性的作用机制

目的:探讨医学生的绝望感与心理韧性和自杀意念的关系,以及心理韧性在医学生的绝望感与自杀意念之间是否具有补偿、调节及中介效应。方法:采用贝克绝望量表(BHS)、自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)和青少年心理韧性量表(RSCA)对1120名医学生进行施测。结果:绝望感各因子及总分与自杀意念呈显著正相关(r=0.443,0.472,0.493,0.608;P0.01),心理韧性总分与绝望感总分及各因子呈显著负相关(r=-0.555,-0.300,-0.500,-0.470;P0.01),心理韧性总分与自杀意念总分呈显著负相关(r=-0.528,P0.01)。医学生的心理韧性在其绝望感与自杀意念之间同时具有补偿(β=-0.275,-0.247,-0.199;P0.001)、中介(β=0.455,0.481,0.515;P0.001)和调节效应(B=-1.096,-1.013,-1.105;P0.001)。结论:心理韧性是抑制医学生自杀意念的重要保护因素,它可以补偿、缓冲和调节绝望感对自杀意念的促进作用,同时这一保护因素也会受到绝望感的削弱。

The Relationship between Hopelessness and Suicidal Ideation among Medical Students:The Functional Mechanism of Resilience

Objective:To explore the relationship among hopelessness,resilience and medical university students’ suicidal ideation,and the compensatory,mediation and moderation effects of the resilience in terms of the association between hopelessness and medical university students’suicidal ideation.Methods:Data were collected from 1 120 medical university students.The participants completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale,the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent and Self- rating Idea of Suicide Scale.Results:Hopelessness and its factors were positively correlated with the suicidal ideation(r =0.443,0.472,0.493,0.608;P <0.01 ),resilience was negatively correlated with hope-lessness and its factors(r =-0.555,-0.300,-0.500,-0.470;P <0.01),resilience was negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r =-0.528,P <0.01).The compensatory effect(β=-0.275,-0.247,-0.1 99;P <0.001 ),the mediation effect (β=0.455,0.481,0.5 1 5;P <0.001)and the moderation effect(B=-1.096,-1.013,-1.105;P <0.001)of resilience were established between hopelessness and suicidal ideation of medical students.Conclusion:Resilience is an important pro-tective factor to restrain medical university students’suicidal ideation,which can compensate,buffer and moderate the effect of hopelessness to the suicidal ideation,at the same time this important protective factor can be weakened by hopelessness.