大学生的阈下自闭特质及与共情能力的关系

目的:了解大学生的阈下自闭特质及与共情能力的关系,为高阈下自闭特质个体的筛查和干预提供依据。方法:方便抽选宁夏某高校大学生515名作为研究对象,选用自闭商数问卷(AQ)和共情商数问卷(EQ)探查大学生的阈下自闭特质及与共情能力的关系。结果:男性大学生在AQ分维度行为模式上的得分显著高于女性大学生(t=9.927,P0.01)。理科生在AQ总分(t=13.115,P0.001)及分维度心智阅读(t=24.974,P0.001)上的得分显著高于文科生。本科生在AQ分维度行为模式(t=-4.613,P0.05)、细节注意(t=-5.566,P0.05)上的得分显著低于研究生,在分维度社交性(t=13.498,P0.001)上的得分显著高于研究生。共情能力和AQ总分(r=-0.518,P0.01)及分维度社交性(r=-0.354,P0.01)、心智阅读(r=-0.644,P0.01)、注意转换(r=-0.352,P0.01)、细节注意(r=0.271,P0.01)显著相关,且共情能力对阈下自闭特质及这些分维度均有显著的预测作用。结论:阈下自闭特质在大学生中呈连续性分布,且共情能力影响阈下自闭特质水平。

Sub-threshold Autistic Traits and Its Relationship with Empathy

Objective:To explore the sub -threshold autistic traits of college students and their relationship with empathy ,Moreover to adopt further information for screening and intervention of higher sub - threshold autistic traits .Methods:A total of 515 college students of Ningxia Normal University were investigated with the Chinese Ver-sion of the Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Empathy Quotient .Results:Males had higher score in patterns than fe-males(t= 9 .927 ,P< 0 .01) .Science students had higher AQ total score and mind reading score than humanities students(t=13 .115 ,24 .974 ;P< 0 .001) .Undergraduate students had lower patterns and attention to details score than graduate students(t=-4 6.13 ,-5 5.66 ;P<0 0.5) ,had higher socialness score(t=13 4.98 ,P<0 0.01) .There were significant relations among empathy and AQ total score ,socialness ,mind reading ,attention switching ,attention to details(r=-0 5.18 ,-0 .354 ,-0 .644 ,-0 .352 ,0 .271 ;P< 0 .01) .Moreover ,empathy had predictive effects on AQ total score ,socialness ,mind reading ,attention switching and attention to details .Conclusion:Sub-threshold autistic traits shows continuous distribution in college students ,the empathy ability influences the level of sub -threshold autistic traits .