海洛因依赖者美沙酮维持治疗效果分析

目的分析杭州市美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)试点的疗效,为进一步推广MMT提供参考依据。方法采用社区美沙酮维持治疗评估基线调查表、随访调查表,对笔者所在门诊2005-06～2007-06收治的237例海洛因依赖者进行调查。结果①受治者使用毒品的行为明显减少,2年来每次尿吗啡检测均阴性为127例(53.6%),未见共用针具行为;②家庭关系改善,家庭关系良好者从49例(20.7%)增至116例(70.3%);③就业率由入组时的8.9%提高到39.4%;④违法犯罪率降低,由入组前的21.5%降至2.5%。结论实施MMT在改善吸毒者社会功能,降低毒品危害方面成效显著,但还存在脱失率偏高,就业率不足的现象。怎样采取措施,降低脱失率,提高就业率,是今后亟待解决的一个问题。

Analysis of the efficacy of methadone maintenance treatment in 237 cases of heroin dependence patients

Objective To analyse the efficacy of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Hangzhou City,so as to provide references for further promoting MMT. Method Adopting MMT authors evaluated baseline and follow-up questionnaire; this investigation was conducted among 237 cases of heroine dependence patients in author's clinic. Results (1)Compared with that before MMT,the behavior of using heroin was obviously reduced. The urine morphine tests in 127 cases (53.6%) were always negative for two years. No case shared needles with others; (2)Their family relationships were improved. The rate of good family relationships was increased from 20.7% to 70.3%; (3)The employment rate was increased from 8.9% to 39.4% ; (4)The crime rate was reduced to 2.5% from 21.5%. Conclusion Actualizing MMT can effectively improve the social function of heroin dependence patients and reduce the harm of heroine. But it still has some questions,for example,the high loss rate and the low employment rate. How to take measures to reduce the loss rate and raise the employment rate should be solved urgently.