养老机构老年人健康素养与身体健康和心理健康状况的关系

目的了解养老机构老年人健康素养与身体健康、心理健康状况的关系，为进一步提高老年人身体健康和心理健康状况提供科学依据。方法于2011年9月至2012年6月，采用整群抽样法对新疆乌鲁木齐市、昌吉市、石河子市、克拉玛依市44所养老机构1396名老年人进行调查，将其中符合纳入标准的1452名老年人作为研究对象，发放健康素养量表、健康状况问卷及一般状况量表。结果单因素分析结果显示，养老机构老年人身体健康在性别、教育水平、家庭收入、婚姻状况方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；心理健康在教育水平、家庭收入、婚姻状况、曾经从事职业方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。进一步分析表明，教育水平低、家庭收入少及丧偶老年人身体健康、心理健康状况较差。养老机构老年人健康素养总分数为（71．74±28．35）分，4个维度分别为健康知识（32．49±16．88）分、健康信念（22．80±7．41）分、健康行为（9．60±3．91）分、健康技能（6．22±5．09）分，均处于较低水平。多元线性回归分析表明，养老机构老年人身体健康的独立影响因素有健康行为、教育水平、婚姻状况、曾经从事职业（P〈0．05），心理健康的独立影响因素有健康行为、曾经从事职业、家庭人口数、健康技能、教育水平、婚姻状况（P〈0．05）。结论健康素养是影响老年人身体、心理健康状况的重要因素，提高老年人健康素养是促进老年人自我健康管理和健康状况的重要途径。

Relationship between health literacy and physical and psychological health status in senior citizens of nursing homes

Objective To investigate the relationship between health attainment and physical and psychological health status in senior citizens of nursing homes to provide the basis for improving the physical and psychological health status in senior citizens. Methods From September of 2011 to June of 2012, the cluster sampling method was used to select 1 396 senior citizens from 44 nursing homes of 4 cities （Urumuqi, Changji, Shi hezi, Karamay）, the senior citizens, who conformed to the inclusion criteria, served as the investigation subjects. Health Literacy Scale, Short Form 36 （SF-36） and Individual Traits questionnaire were utilized to investigate the subjects. Results The single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences of physical health status among gender, education level, household income, marital status in senior citizens of nursing homes （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）, and there were significant differences of psychological health status among education level, household income, marital status, former profession in senior citizens of nursing homes （P〈0.05）. The physical and psychological heahh status in senior citizens with lower education level, lower household income and widow was worse. Total health literacy score in senior citizens of nursing homes was 71.74±28.35, the four dimension scores were 32.49±16.88 （health knowledge）, 22.80±7.41 （health attitude）, 9.60±3.91 （health behavior） and 6.22±5.09 （health skills）, respectively. All scores were lower levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main independent influencing factors of physical health in senior citizens of nursing homes were the health behavior, education level, marital status and former profession （P〈0.05）. The major independent influencing factors of psychological health in senior citizens of nursing homes were the health behavior, former profession, family members, health skills, education level and marital status （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Health literacy is the major influencing factor of physical and psychological health status in senior citizens of nursing homes. The important way of improving the health management ability and health status of senior citizens is to increase the health literacy of senior citizens.