肇庆市2001-2010年城区学龄前儿童视力状况调查与分析

目的：了解肇庆市端州城区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态,为保护儿童视力、防治屈光不正提供依据。方法：分析2001-2010年肇庆市端州城区12所幼儿园4~6岁学龄前儿童的视力和屈光状态筛查资料。结果：共筛查学龄前儿童36778名,发现视力低常儿童6361名,视力低常率为17.30%;发现弱视儿童757名,弱视患病率为2.06%。不同年份的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义（P=0.767,P=0.993）;不同级别幼儿园的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义（P=0.245,P=0.351）;不同年龄组视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,且随着年龄增长,视力低常率和弱视患病率有降低的趋势;不同性别的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义（P=0.146,P=0.149）。视力正常及视力低常儿童屈光状态均以远视为主,患病率分别为88.68%和82.20%,近视患病率分别为2.80%和11.00%,随着年龄的增长,远视患病率逐渐降低,近视患病率逐渐升高。正视率和混合散光患病率较低,且没有年龄间差异。结论：学龄前儿童屈光不正以远视为主,但随着年龄的增长近视率不断提高,应对学龄前儿童定期进行视力检查,根据学龄前儿童视力变化特征,确定不同时期的防治方向。

Investigation and Analysis of Vision Status of Preschool Children in Urban Area of Zhaoqing form 2001 to 2010

Objective： To study the status of vision and refractive of preschool children in urban area of Zhaoqing city in Duanzhou district, and provide bases for protecting vision and preventing refractive error for children.Method ： To analysis the screening data of vision and refractive status which was from 4 to 6 years old preschool children who were from 12 kindergartens in urban area of Zhaoqing city in Duanzhou district from 2001 to 2010.Result：A total of 36 778 preschool children was screened, 6361 children were found low vision and the rate was 17.30%, 757 children were foundamblyopia and the prevalence rate was 2.06%.Low vision rate and prevalence rate of amblyopia were not statistically different between different years, different levels of kindergarten and different gender, but statistically different between different age groups （ P〈O.O01 ）, and appear to be decreasing trend with the increasing age.The refractive status of normal vision and low vision children were mostly farsighted, the incidence were 88.68% and 82.20% respectively, while the incidence of shortsightedness were 2.80% and 11.00% respectively.With the increase of age, the incidence of farsightedness decreased gradually while the incidence of shortsightedness increased.The incidence of emmetropia and mixed astigmatism were low with no differences betweenages.C~ne~us~~n：Therefractiveerr~r~fpresch~~~chi~drenwasm~st~yfarsighted~ but with the increase of age , the incidence of shortsightedness increased gradually.We must carry out periodic vision check for preschool children and make corresponding preventive measures according to the characteristics of changes in vision of preschool children.