武汉市2003年新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率及产妇乙肝病毒携带率的调查分析

目的了解武汉市新生儿乙肝疫苗的首针接种率、全程接种率、产妇乙肝病毒感染率等。方法调查全市所有医院产房和计划免疫接种点,使用MicrosoftEXCEL统计分析软件进行统计分析。结果武汉市新生儿乙肝疫苗首针接种率为98.51%,及时率95.32%,城区均优于郊区;全程接种率86.87%,郊区好于城区,常住人口优于流动人口;全市产妇乙肝筛查率66.29%,产妇乙肝病毒携带率6.04%,携带乙肝病毒产妇的新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)接种率84.24%,在乙肝筛查和新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白接种方面城区均好于郊区。结论全市实行新生儿乙肝疫苗免费接种以来,首针接种率和及时率均执行较好,但全程接种率则不尽人意;计划免疫管理存在薄弱点,特别是城区的流动人口的管理,是计划免疫工作的难点。青少年乙肝疫苗的接种应纳入免疫规划。

Epidemiological Survey on Vaccination Rate of Neonatal Hepatitis B Vaccine and Carrier Rate of Maternal Hepatitis B Virus in 2003 in Wuhan City

Objective The present study was designed to understand the initial vaccination rate of the neonatal anti-hepatitis B vaccine, the whole range vaccination rate and the infection rate of maternal hepatitis B virus in Wuhan city. Methods Delivery rooms of all hospitals and planned immunization sites in the city were investigated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2000. Results The initial immunization rate of the neonatal hepatitis B vaccine was 98,51% , with a timely rate of 95.32%. The urban areas were better than the suburbs in the aspects. The rate of full-course immunization was 86.87%, the suburbs better than the urban areas, and permanent population better than floating population. The screening rate of hepatitis B of postnatal women in the whole city was 66.29 and the cartier rate 6.04%. The anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin rate of the neonatals whose mothers carried HBV was 84.24%. And the urban areas was better than the suburbs in hepatitis B screening and the neonatal anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin immunization. Conclusion The initial immunization rate and the timely rate have been encouraging since the implementation of free immunization of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine in the whole city, but the full-course rate is less satisfying. There exists a weakness in the planned immunization, and particularly the difficulty in the management of floating population in the urban areas interferes with planned immunization substantially. The immunization of hepatitis B vaccine in adolescent should be covered in the immunization programme.