Bacterial concentration and composition in liquid baby formula and a baby drink consumed with an artificial nipple |
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Authors: | Anna Wakui Hiroto Sano Miho Kawachi Ayaka Aida Yuta Takenaka Akane Yonezawa Nana Nakahata Sachie Moriyama Mayumi Nishikata Jumpei Washio Yuki Abiko Gen Mayanagi Keiko Yamaki Reiko Sakashita Kaori Tanaka Nobuhiro Takahashi Takuichi Sato |
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Affiliation: | 1. Division of Clinical Chemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, Japan;2. Department of Nursing, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata 951-8518, Japan;3. Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;4. College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi 673-8588, Japan;5. Division of Anaerobic Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan |
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Abstract: | ObjectivesTo clarify the characteristics and growth of bacteria that may infiltrate liquid baby formula during feeding and after storage for more than 3 h, the transfer of oral bacteria through artificial nipples, and bacterial survival in liquid baby formula and a baby drink were examined immediately after drinking and after storage at 4 °C for 12 h and 24 h.MethodsThirteen human subjects (aged 19–24 years) were asked to drink approximately 50 mL of liquid baby formula and a baby drink, via the artificial nipple of a baby bottle. Samples of the remaining liquid after storage at 4 °C for 12 h and 24 h were inoculated onto blood agar plates and incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 7 days. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual colonies, and the bacterial species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsThe mean concentrations of bacteria in the liquid baby formula were (2.6 ± 2.8) × 104 and (4.1 ± 6.6) × 104 colony-forming unit/mL after storage at 4 °C for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Streptococcus (43.2%), Veillonella (9.3%), and Schaalia (8.2%) species were recovered from the remaining liquid baby formula after storage at 4 °C for 12 h. In contrast, no bacteria were detected in the remaining baby drink after storage at 37 °C for 24 h.ConclusionsThe levels of bacteria immediately after drinking and after storage at 4 °C for 12 h or 24 h were similar, suggesting that remaining liquid baby formula may be preserved safely in a refrigerator for more than 3 h. |
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Keywords: | Nipples Artificial Infant formula Microbiota |
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