4146例新生儿听力筛查分析

目的了解影响先天性听力损伤发病的因素，探讨降低听力残疾儿童发病率的有效措施。方法采用畸变产物耳声发射进行新生儿听力筛查初筛，复筛，未通过者转上级医院进行诊断、康复治疗。根据性别、出生体重、胎龄、生产方式和有无孕产期高危因素进行分组统计分析。结果新生儿先天性听力损伤的发病率为3.1‰，与遗传因素、孕期缺氧、感染和黄疸因素有关；初筛未通过率为10．7％，与出生体重、生产方式有关。结论开展婚前检查。做好遗传咨询宣传。加强孕产妇系统管理。提高产科质量，推广新生儿听力筛查技术，完善听力筛查、诊断、康复治疗体系是降低听力语言残疾发病率的有效措施。

4146 newborn hearing screening: Results and analysis

Objective To investigate the etiology of congenital hearing loss and to explore the effective measures to reduce the incidence of hearing impairment in children. Methods Distortion product otoacoustic emissions （DPOAE） were used in the initial and follow-up hearing screening of the newborns. The failed newborns were referred to higher-level hospitals for diagnosis and treatment. The screening data were divided into groups according to genders, birth weight, gestational age, delivery mode and high risk factors during pregnant and perinatal period for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of congenital hearing loss in newborns was 3.1‰, related to genetic factors, hypoxia and infection during pregnancy and jaundice. The failure rate in the initial screening was 10.7%, associated with birth weight and delivery mode. Conclusion A series of effective measures are proposed to reduce the incidence of hearing impairment, including carrying out premarital medical examinations, strengthening the management of pregnant and lying-in women, improving the quality of obstetric services, promoting the newborn hearing screening techniques and developing the system of hearing screening, diagnosis and rehabilitation.