汉语后部失语患者语言障碍个案研究

目的:对病灶局限的汉语后部失语患者的语言受损和语言保留情况进行个案分析,验证语言处理的双机制假说,并为临床语言治疗提供相关神经语言学依据。方法:选取1例病灶局限的枕、顶、颞叶受损的后部失语患者,通过自然交谈和西部失语症量表检查(WAB)检测收集语料,并辅以图片命名及句子复述等任务,全面检测和分析汉语后部失语患者的语言障碍,重点关注其句法-词汇分离,以及与之相关的名—动分离现象。结果:颞叶受损患者词汇受损严重,句法保留相对较好;词汇理解较好,但是产出困难;词汇产出存在名动分离现象,呈现出名词特异性损伤的特点。结论:汉语后部失语患者句法保留较好、词汇受损严重,以及相关的名动分离的事实,一方面为语言处理的词汇—规则双机制假说提供有力证据,另一方面为汉语后部失语患者的语言有效康复方面提供神经语言学依据。

A case study on language deficits in posterior aphasia

Abstract Objective: To explore the language deficits in a single case of posterior aphasic to test the dual-system model of language processing and provide neurolinguistic basis for clinical language therapy. Method: A circumscribed posterior aphasic was selected, whose language data were collected through spontaneous talk, WAB test, and other language production tasks including picture-naming and sentence repetition. The language data were analyzed with the emphasis on syntax-lexicon dissociation and noun-verb dissociation. Result: For the posterior aphasic, lexicon was severely impaired while syntax was preserved relatively well; in comparison to lexical production, lexical comprehension was preserved better; noun-verb dissociation, especially NSD, was discovered. Conclusion: The syntax-lexicon dissociation and the relevant noun-verb dissociation can serve as powerful evidence for the dual-system model of language processing, and throw light on language therapy for posterior aphasics.