髌骨脱位治疗的研究进展

随着人们参与体育活动的增加，发生髌骨脱位的患者日益增多，且主要发生于儿童和青少年。一旦发病会给患者带来严重的心理和经济负担，并可能会导致骨关节炎的发生或造成慢性残疾。急性髌骨脱位经保守治疗后脱位复发率高。发生再脱位的主要危险因素包括：股骨滑车发育不良，髌骨高位，胫骨结节股骨滑车沟间距增大以及髌骨外倾等。治疗复发性髌骨脱位的手术方式有股骨滑车成形术、胫骨结节内移术，髌骨内侧支持带紧缩、外侧支持带松解术和目前临床广泛应用的内侧髌股韧带重建术等。针对不同损伤或病理特点的髌骨脱位患者，需制定个体化治疗方案。

Research progresses in the treatment of patella dislocation

As the increase of people′s participation in sports activities, the number of patients with patellar dislocation is continuously increasing and patellar dislocation most frequently presents in children and adolescence. Once patellar dislocation occurs, it will bring serious psychological and economic burden to the patients, and it may lead to osteoarthritis or chronic disability. Acute patellar dislocation after conservative treatment has a high recurrence rate. The major risk factors for the recurrence of dislocation include patellar dysplasia, patella alta, increased tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance and patella tilt. The therapies of recurrent patellar dislocation include femoral troehleoplasty, tibial tubercle transfer, medical retinaculum placation, lateral retinaculum release and the medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, which is widly used in current clinical, etc. For patients with different lesions or pathological features of patellar dislocation, individualized treatment plans should be developed.