佛山市2007—2008年陶瓷产业职业病危害现况调查

目的了解佛山市陶瓷产业职业病危害现状,为规范陶瓷企业职业卫生管理工作,改善陶瓷企业工作场所作业环境,维护劳动者健康权益,预防职业病发生,提出切实可行的职业病危害整改措施,为政府决策层提供科学依据。方法按照《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》及现行的职业卫生法律、法规、标准要求,对全市范围内的陶瓷企业的生产工艺、使用原料、生产制度、工作场所存在的主要职业病危害因素、现有的防护设施及措施、职业卫生管理水平等进行调查,并对主要职业病危害因素进行检测评价与预警。结果 40家陶瓷企业2007—2008年的检测结果显示,噪声、总粉尘、呼吸性粉尘的合格率分别为58.0%、54.1%和72.8%;大多数企业的防护设施及措施缺乏或不够健全,没有设职业卫生管理架构和专职的职业卫生管理人员,职业卫生管理制度也不够完善。结论佛山市陶瓷产业职业病危害现状不容乐观,存在粉尘和噪声危害隐患,急需采取干预措施,对陶瓷产业结构进行调整提升,才能消除或减少职业病危害对劳动者健康影响,预防职业病发生。

Investigation on Occupational Hazards in Ceramics Industry of Foshan City during 2007-2008

Objective]To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in ceramics industry of Foshan City, to provide practical occupational hazard corrective measures for standardizing the occupational health management,improving operating environment of workplace, protecting employees＇ health benefits, and preventing occupational diseases, and provide scientific evidence for government decision-making.Methods]According to the requirements of ＂Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases＂, existing occupational health laws, regulations, and standards,an investigation was performed on the production processes, raw materials, production systems, major occupational hazards in the workplace, the existing protective facilities and measures, occupational health management of the ceramics industry. Assessment and early warning detection were conducted on the major occupational hazards.Results]The test results of 40 ceramics enterprises during 2007—2008 showed that the passing rates of noise, total dust and respirable dust was 58.0%, 54.1% and 72.8% respectively; most of the enterprises were lack of protection facilities and measures, and had not established occupational health management structure and occupational health manager. The system of occupational health management was not yet mature.Conclusion]The occupational hazards of ceramics industry in Foshan City was serious. The existing dust and noise hazards need immediate intervention measures. The ceramic industry structure should be adjusted and improved to eliminate or reduce the harm of occupational hazards on the health of laborers, and to prevent the occupational disease.