安徽省2011～2012年农村环境卫生监测结果分析

目的了解和掌握农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,为制订农村环境卫生规划提供科学依据。方法按比例分层（包括经济水平、地理地貌、人口等）随机抽取15个市24个县（市、区）480个行政村为本次调查对象,采用统一的调查表,通过查阅资料、访谈、现场观察、实验室检测等方法收集调查数据。结果 480个村的生活垃圾收集中,主要是随意堆放,其次是定点堆放;生活垃圾、工业垃圾处理主要以填埋和焚烧为主。生活污水排放主要是随意排放,其次是明沟排放;生活污水排放地点主要是坑塘,其次排入河流。所调查的工业企业中,大部分污水是直接排放。两年中卫生厕所普及率2012年（31.15%）比2011年（26.65%）有所提高。480个村中开展灭蝇工作的最多村仅占12.71%,开展灭蟑工作的村只占4.79%。结论农村环境卫生现状不容乐观,存在多种影响人群身体健康的环境危害因素。

Investigation of Rural Environmental Sanitation in 2011 - 2012 in Anhui Province

Objective To understand the levels of rural environmental health hazards, evaluate the health status of rural environment and provide the scientific evidence for the government to draw up improving rural environmental sanitation planning. Methods According to the proportional stratified （including economic level, physical geography, population and so on） , 480 administrative villages of 24 counties were randomly selected for the survey object. Used the unified questionnaire and collected survey data through information access, interviews, field observation, laboratory testing methods. Results Living garbage collection of 480 administrative villages were mainly piled up arbitrarily, followed by the fixed - point stacking ; the main disposal method of living garbage and Industrial waste were burn and sanitary landfill. The living sewage was discharged arbitrarily, followed by open channel and discharge place of living sewage is mainly pond, followed by river. Most of the industrial sewage was directly discharged. The popularization rate of sanitary toilet in 2012 was higher than 2011. Only 12.71% of the village carried out the work of killing flies, only 4.79 % of the village carried out the work to kill cockroaches. Conclusion The rural environmental health situation is not optimistic, There are many environmental risk factors affecting population health.