上海市宝山区大场镇老年人屈光矫正前后视力损伤情况调查

目的 分析上海市宝山区大场镇60岁及以上人群中屈光矫正前后的视力损伤情况.方法 流行病学调查.2009年11～12月采取整群抽样的方法对上海市宝山区大场镇目标人群进行盲和视力损伤的流行病学调查.主要包括视力及裂隙灯检查、小瞳验光、问卷调查等.视力损伤按照WHO的标准进行分析.同时也分析了与可矫正的视力损伤有关的人群特征.对不同性别、不同年龄组可矫正的视力损伤患病率进行比较时采用卡方检验,各独立变量与可矫正视力损伤患病率之间的相关性采用单因素比值比(OR)方法.结果 本调查共纳入5199人,实际受检4545人,受检率为87.42％.日常生活视力中盲与视力损伤的患病率分别为0.86％和8.82％；屈光矫正后,盲与视力损伤患病率分别为0.66％和3.01％;可矫正视力损伤率为5.81％(264/4545).年龄与性别是可矫正视力损伤的主要危险因素.通过对264例可矫正的视力损伤的病因分析,发现单纯屈光不正为114例(43.18％),合并白内障121例(45.83％),合并黄斑变性21例(7.95％),合并糖尿病视网膜病变4例(1.52％),合并青光眼3例(1.14％),合并角膜病1例(0.38％).眼镜覆盖率为44.12％.随着年龄的增大,眼镜覆盖率下降,男性眼镜覆盖率高于女性.结论 屈光不正是老年人视力损伤的重要因素,屈光矫正是诊断盲和视力损伤的必不可少的步骤.

Analysis of visual impairment before and after refraction in a population of Dachang county,Baoshan, Shanghai aged 60 years and older

Objective To analyze visual impairment before and after refraction in a population of Dachang county, Baoshan, Shanghai aged 60 years and older. Methods Epidemiological survey. Cluster sampling was used to select samples. The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic and medical examination, including slit lamp, the presenting visual acuity testing, subjective refraction and standardized questionnaire. The definitions of blindness and visual impairment which were based on the presenting VA in the better eye were defined by criteria of WHO. The population characteristics of correctable visual impairment were also determined. Results Among the 5199 people entered in the project, 4545 were examined （response rate, 87.42%）. The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment was 0.86% and 8.84%, respectively. After refraction, The prevalence was 0.66% and 3.01%, respectively. The prevalence of correctable visual impairment was 5.81%（264/ 4545）, older age and female gender were important risk factors of correctable visual impairment. The leading cause of correctable visual impairment was cataract （45.83%）, followed by refractive error （43.18%）, macular degeneration （7.95%）, diabetic retinopathy （1.52%）, glaucoma （1.14%） and corneal opacity （0.38%）. Spectacle coverage was 44.12%, man was higher than woman. The prevalence of spectacle coverage was declining with the increasing of age. Conclusion Uncorrected refractive error was an important cause of visual impairment in older persons. The use of refractive correction is the necessary step to diagnose blindness and visual impairment.