钢铁工人比例死亡比研究

为探讨钢铁工人的死亡原因，分析职业危害因素与死因的关系，用比例死亡比方法对唐山钢铁公司1984～1996年12年间死亡的1088例工人的死因进行了一般死因和癌死因分析，并接接触粉尘和高温分别进行了分析。参照人群为河北省1990～1992年死亡抽样调查的男性居民。在一般死因比例死亡比分析中，钢铁工人的心脏病（PMR＝1．51，P＜0．01）和泌尿生殖系统疾病（PMR＝1．85，P＜0．05）死亡危险明显超过参照人群。在癌比例死亡比分析中，白血病（PCMR＝1．92，P＜0．05）和肺癌（PCMR＝1．98，P＜0．01）的死亡危险明显超过参照人群。接接触的危险因素分析表明，接触高温和粉尘工人肺癌死亡超高；接触粉尘者呼吸系统疾病死亡超高。提示，钢铁工人心脏病、肺癌和白血病的超额死亡与钢铁工业的职业危害有关。

PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY STUDY OF STEEL WORKERS

A proportionate mortality study was conducted to explore the mortality pattern and the possible association between occupational hazards and cause of deaths. A total of lo88 death cases, occurred in the period of 1984-1996 from Tangshan Steel Complex,was included. The age cause specif ic proportion from 1990-1992 mortality survey of Hebei Province was used to calculate the expected numbers. The results showed that there existed excess mortality from heart attack (PMR=1. 51 ) and diseases of the urinary-reproductive system (PMR =1. 85). Further analyses revealed excess mortality from leukemia (PCMR =1. 92) and lung cancer (PCMR=1. 98). These findings indicate possible correlation existing between occupational exposures in the iron and steel industry and some specific cause of deaths,especially malignancies.