中国陕西省农村原发性闭角型青光眼流行病学调查

目的：调查陕西省农村≥40岁人群原发性闭角型青光眼的患病率及影响因素。方法：2003—07／12，采用按比例随机整群抽样的方法在陕南、陕北及关中3个地区农村调查8500人，其中≥40岁人群3500人，所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查，包括询问青光眼确诊史、家族史、发作史及手术史，并进行了相关的眼科检查，包括视力、外眼、Van Herick周边前房深度评估、眼底检查。≥50岁人群及怀疑有高眼压者对其应用压平式眼压计测量眼压。对可疑青光眼者进行进一步检查，包括复查眼压、前房角镜检查、暗室试验、视野检查。结果：8500人中有6815人完成了青光眼的相关检查，总受检率为80．18％，其中≥40岁人群3500人中有2835人完成了青光眼的相关检查，受检率为81．00％。VanHerick周边前房深度分级：2级、1级和0级分别占10．4名、3．0％和0．2％。≥40岁人群原发性闭角型青光眼患者有3l例，其患病率为1．09％，通过多因素logistic回归分析显示随着年龄的增长患病率显著增加（P=0．008）。虽然女性较男性多见（OR：1．77，95％CI为0．77-4．10），文盲较非文盲多见（OR：1．71，95％CI为0．76～3．87），但其差异无统计学意义（P不同性别=0．180，P不同文化程度=0．199）。事前未被诊断为青光眼的患者占67．74％（21例），在另外10例有确诊史的青光眼患者中只有6例（60％）曾作过虹膜根切术。48．39％（15例）原发性闭角型青光眼患者存在不同程度的视力损伤，其中盲目占29．03％。70．97％（22例）为慢性闭角型青光眼。结论：陕西省农村≥40岁人群的窄房角比例高于亚洲其他国家人群。原发性闭角型青光眼的患病率与国内其他报道相近，且随着年龄的增长而增加，大部分患者无青光眼确诊史。

Epidemiology of primary angle-closure glaucoma in a rural population in Shaanxi Province of China

· AIM: To assess the prevalence and related risk factors for primary angle-closure glaucoma in a rural population for 40 years of age or older in Shaanxi Province.· METHODS: By using a stratified, cluster-based, random sampling technique, 8 500 persons of all ages were selected randomly, including 3 500 those aged 40 years or more, from the North, the South and the Middle of Shaanxi Province in Western China from July to December in 2003. All participants had an interview with a standard questionnaire and those questions related to glaucoma of previous diagnosis and treatment, family history and outbreak history. Then a detailed and relative eye examination was performed, including logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, external eye examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. The intraocular pressure was measured with Perkins applanation tonometry to those persons aged 50 years old or more and those with suspected increased IOP. A further examination was performed to those persons with suspicious glaucoma, including repeated tonometric examination, gonioscopy, dark room test, automated visual field testing, et al.·RESULTS: 6 815 of the eligible 8 500 persons of all ages were interviewed and examined from July to December in 2003, a response rate of 80.18%, including 2835 of the eligible 3 500 persons of 40 years old or more with a response rate of 81.00%. According to Van Herick method, the percentage of shallow peripheral anterior chamber was 13.6%, of which 10.4% was in grade 2, 3.0% in grade 1, and 0.2% in grade 0. In this rural population for 40 years of age or older 31 participants were found to have primary angle-closure glaucoma, with the prevalence of 1.09%. With multiple logistic analyses, the prevalence increased significantly with age (P=0.008), whereas no significant difference (Pgender=0.180, Peducation=0.199) was found in the rate with gender and education, although women and illiteracy seemed to be at increased risk of the disease (OR: 1.77, 95%CI,0.77-4.10; OR: 1.71, 95%CT, 0.76-3.87). Of 31 participants, 21 persons (67.74%) had not been previously diagnosed and treated. Of 10 participants previously diagnosed, 6 (60%) had been received peripheral iridectomy; nevertheless, no any other treatments were performed. 48.39% participants suffered from visual impairment in various degrees, of which the percentage of blindness in either eye accounted for 29.03%. Of those with primary angle-closure glaucoma, 22 persons (70.97%) were classified as having chronic from of the disease.· CONCLUSION: In this rural population in Shaanxi Province of China, the rate of occludable angles is 13.6%, more common than that reported previously in other Chinese populations. The prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma is close to that from other Asian populations, increasing with age. A majority of glaucoma was undiagnosed and untreated previously.