新疆生产建设兵团第十三师天然草地资源现状及其利用探讨

新疆生产建设兵团第十三师位于在新疆东部哈密市,辖区有8个团场。十三师草场面积占兵团草场面积的15.7%,是兵团草场面积最大的师。十三师草原生态十分脆弱,主要以荒漠、半荒漠草场为主。除了部分与地方乡镇接壤草场以外,草场承包确权工作基本完成。由于超载放牧、基础设施落后、防灾减灾能力弱等原因,导致天然草场退化、沙化,有毒、有害植物增加,产草量和草质量明显下降,影响牧民收入。超载放牧是草场退化的根本原因,本文围绕这个主题,对草场面临的困难和难题进行分析,并提出了建设性的建议。通过异地搬迁、办理贷款及改善牧民生产生活等措施,减少天然草原载畜量,减轻夏草场放牧强度,逐步达到草畜平衡的目标,为十三师畜牧业可持续健康发展提供理论基础。

Discussion on the Current Situation and Utilization of Natural Grassland Resources in the 13th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

The 13th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)is located in Hami City,east Xinjiang,with 8 regimental farms under its jurisdiction.It has the largest pasture area,accounting for 15.7%of the XPCC'total pasture area.The grassland ecology of the 13th Division is very fragile and mainly consists of desert and semi-desert grasslands.Except for some grasslands bordering local townships and villages,the confirmation of grassland contract right has been basically completed.Due to overgrazing,backward infrastructure and weak ability of disaster prevention and reduction,natural grasslands become degraded and desertification,poisonous and harmful plants have been increasing year by year,and grass yield and grass quality are obviously decreasing,resulting in loss of herdsmen's income.Overgrazing is the root cause of grassland degradation,and based on which,the difficulties and difficulties faced by grassland were analyzed in this paper and some constructive suggestions were put forward.By means of relocation of herdsmen,arrangement of loan and improvement of herdsmen's life,the livestock carrying capacity of natural grassland would be reduced as well as the grazing intensity of summer grassland,and the goal of balance between livestock and grass can be gradually achieved.The study would provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable and healthy development of animal husbandry of the 13th Division.