钙网蛋白参与缺氧预处理对氧化应激损伤大鼠成心肌H9c2细胞的保护作用

目的： 观察缺氧预处理(HPC)对氧化应激诱导大鼠成心肌H9c2细胞损伤的保护作用，探讨钙网蛋白(CRT)是否参与其保护效应及p38 MAPK是否参与其信号转导过程。方法: H9c2细胞随机分为8组：氧化应激(H₂O₂)组、短暂缺氧(HPC)组、HPC+H₂O₂组、SB203580+HPC + H₂O₂组、反义干扰(AS)组、AS+H₂O₂组、AS+HPC+H₂O₂组和对照组。以细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性及流式细胞术检测细胞损伤情况；采用RT-PCR和Western blotting分别检测CRT表达和p38 MAPK磷酸化水平。结果: (1)HPC可减轻氧化应激损伤，与H₂O₂组比较，HPC+ H₂O₂组细胞凋亡率和LDH漏出分别降低13.4%和44.0%，存活率增高12.7%(均P<0.05)；HPC前以特异性p38 MAPK抑制剂 SB203580预孵育消除HPC的保护作用，与HPC+H₂O₂组相比，细胞凋亡率和LDH漏出分别增高5.4%和45.0%，存活率降低5.0%(均P<0.05)；(2)氧化应激明显上调CRT表达(较对照组高3.6倍)(P<0.05)；单纯短暂缺氧可诱导CRT表达(较对照组高1.4倍,P<0.05)，但上调程度较H₂O₂组低48%(P<0.05)；HPC可降低CRT过表达程度(降低26%) (P<0.05)；(3)反义寡核苷酸干扰CRT表达后HPC对氧化应激的保护作用降低，相关分析显示HPC诱导的CRT适度表达与细胞存活率正相关(r=0.8573,P<0.05)；(4) HPC前应用p38 MAPK抑制剂，抑制CRT表达上调(分别较HPC+H₂O₂组和HPC组低38%和23%) (均P<0.05)。结论: HPC可通过p38 MAPK信号途径诱导CRT表达上调，减轻大鼠成心肌H9c2细胞氧化应激损伤。

Calreticulin is involved in the protection of hypoxic preconditioning against cardiomyoblast H9c2 cell oxidative injury

AIM: To investigate whether hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) protects cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells against oxidative injury, and to discuss whether calreticulin (CRT) contribute to this protection through p38 MAPK signaling pathway. METHODS: Cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells were randomly divided into eight groups as follows: hydrogen peroxide stress (H₂O₂); brief hypoxic exposure of 20 min to simulate hypoxic preconditioning (HPC); 20 min of hypoxic exposure followed by 24 h of normoxic reoxygenation before hydrogen peroxide stress (HPC+H₂O₂), SB203580 (the specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK)+HPC+H₂O₂, antisense oligonucleotides transfection of calreticulin (AS), AS+H₂O₂, AS+HPC+H₂O₂ and control. Morphological studies, estimation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and flow cytometry were employed to assess the cell apoptosis and necrosis. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis was used to detect calreticulin expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. RESULTS: The results obtained are as follows: (1) HPC relieved cell injury caused by H₂O₂. Compared with those in H₂O₂ group, apoptosis rate and LDH leakage in culture medium in HPC + H₂O₂ group decreased 13.4% and 44.0%, respectively (P<0.05), and cell survive rate increased 12.7% (P<0.05). SB203580, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor presented before HPC, eliminated the cytoprotection of HPC. Compared with HPC+H₂O₂ group, apoptosis rate and LDH leakage increased 5.4% and 45.0%, respectively (P<0.05), and cell survive rate decreased 5.0%(P<0.05). (2) Brief hypoxia intimating HPC resulted in mild CRT up-regulation (1.4-fold increased vs control group, P<0.05), but this up-regulation was lower than that of 3.6-fold increase induced by oxidative stress. HPC relieved the over-expression of CRT induced by H₂O₂ (26% decreased vs H₂O₂ group, P<0.05). (3) Transfection of antisense oligonucleotides of CRT before HPC reduced cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Correlative analysis indicated that mild up-regulation of CRT induced by HPC was positively correlated with survive rate (r=0.8573, P<0.05). (4) SB203580 suppressed CRT up-regulation (the expression of CRT decreased 38% or 23%, vs HPC+H₂O₂ group or HPC group, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that hypoxic preconditioning up-regulates calreticulin expression through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and protects cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells against oxidative injury.