多节段颈椎骨折脱位的诊治分析

目的 探讨颈椎多节段骨折脱位的临床特点和诊治方法。方法 对1988～2001年43例(男38例,女5例)多节段颈椎骨折脱位患者的影像学资料及临床表现进行回顾分析。结果 连续多节段损伤为36例,其中32例损伤位于下颈椎;不连续多节段损伤为7例,其中有5例为上颈椎伴下颈椎损伤;损伤部位为椎体31例,椎板25例,棘突9例,椎弓4例,横突5例,关节突5例;多见的受累节段为C4、C5、C6和C7;屈曲压缩型占60．5％。行颈前路椎体大块切除脊柱稳定重建21例,后路椎板减压加关节突钢板内固定10例,前、后路联合减压颈椎稳定重建2例;保守治疗10例。结论 颈椎多节段损伤多为屈曲压缩型,连续型损伤多见,不连续型损伤少见;连续型多节段损伤多为下颈椎损伤;不连续型多节段损伤多数为寰、枢椎损伤合并下颈椎损伤;多节段颈椎损伤中不稳定节段及脊髓受损平面均位于下颈椎;手术应在减压的同时重建脊柱的稳定性。

Clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple-level injuries of the cervical spine

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the character, diagnosis and treatment of multiple-level fractures of the cervical spine. METHODS: Forty-three patients (38 male, 5 female) with multiple-level fractures of the cervical spine were retrospectively analysed in our hospital from 1988-2001. RESULTS: Among 36 patients with multiple contiguous fractures of the cervical spine, 32 cases were injured at low cervical spine; 7 patients were non-contiguous spinal fractures in which there were 5 cases injured at upper and lower cervical spine. The frequently injured sites were vertebral body (31 patients), laminae (25 patients), spinous process (9 patients), vertebral arch (4 patients), transverse process (5 patients), lateral mass (5 patients); level frequently affected were C(4), C(5), C(6) and C(7); 21 patients were treated with anterior vertebrectomy and fusion, 10 patients with posterior laminectomy and fixation, 2 patients with both anterior and posterior decompression and fixation. 60.5% were flexion-compression injury. 10 patients with conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Contiguous type was more common than non-contiguous type in multiple level cervical spinal fractures; Injured sites always located at lower cervical spine in contiguous cervical fractures different from that fractures of atlas, axis and lower cervical spine in non-contiguous type; Unstable segments and level of spinal cord injury were at lower cervical spine; Operations must obtain both decompression and stability of spine.