珍稀濒危药用植物川西獐牙菜的资源调查

采取文献调查、走访调查、样方调查及市场调查等方法,对西藏、青海、四川等省自治区珍稀濒危药用植物川西獐牙菜进行相关调查,结果表明,川西獐牙菜主要分布在西藏的左贡、芒康,青海的玉树,四川的石渠、道孚、康定、马尔康、金川、小金。从分布海拔来看,可以从2 300 m（四川康定）一直到3 900 m（西藏芒康）,在相对高度为2 600 m 的变化范围内都有分布。光照、水分、土壤、温度、海拔等因素从不同的角度对川西獐牙菜的分布和生长、资源蕴藏量都有着明显的影响。近年来,作为藏药“藏茵陈”的川西獐牙菜市场需求增长迅速,滥采滥挖是导致近年川西獐牙菜资源急剧减少的主要原因。建议一方面应加强对川西獐牙菜的合理限量采挖管理,同时应开展川西獐牙菜资源利用价值的评价,并加快发展川西獐牙菜的栽培生产。

Resources Survey on Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plant Swertia mussotii Franch.

The resource of rare and endangered medicinal plant Swertia mussotii Franch. in Tibet, Qinghai and Sichuan province were surveyed by ways of documents, interview, quadrat and market investigation. The results indicated that Swertia mussotii Franch. mainly distributed in Zuogong and Mangkang of Tibet, Yushu of Qinghai province, Shiqu, Daofu, Kangding, Maerkang, Jinchuan and Xiaojin of Sichuan province. According to the height above sea level, the distribution altitude was from 2 300 m (Kangding of Sichuan province) to 3 900 m (Mangkang of Tibet). There are distributions of Swertia mussotii Franch. within the scope of 2 600 m. The illumination, water, soil,temperature and altitude had significant influence on the distribution, growth and reserve of Swertia mussotii Franch.from different angles. In recent years, there was huge increase of market requirement in Swertia mussotii Franch.which were used in Tibetan medicine "Zangyinchen". Excess collection was the primary cause of rapid decreasing in resource of Swertia mussotii Franch.. It was suggested to strengthen the management of rational collection, as well as to accelerate the development of cultivation and production.