胎肝血管的解剖学观测

目的解剖观测胎肝门静脉、肝固有动脉、胆总管十二指肠上段、脐静脉及静脉导管，为临床辅助性胎肝移植提供解剖学资料。方法选择５６例经福尔马林固定的正常胎儿，解剖显露门静脉、肝固有动脉、胆总管十二指肠上段、脐静脉、静脉导管，测其长度和压扁外径。结果脐静脉、门静脉、肝固有动脉、胆总管十二指肠上段、静脉导管长度分别为４５．２±９．２ｍｍ、２０．１±３．３ｍｍ、１６．３±２．８ｍｍ、１７．２±３．１ｍｍ、１３．１±２．５ｍｍ；直径分别为３．４±０．５ｍｍ、３．０±０．４ｍｍ、１．８±０．２ｍｍ、１．８±０．２ｍｍ、３．０±０．３ｍｍ。结论胎肝血供丰富，在供血管道中以脐静脉最粗，门静脉次之，肝固有动脉最细。因此，在辅助性胎肝移植时可选用脐静脉代替门静脉，以门静脉替代肝固有动脉。同时，在胎肝移植前，应结扎静脉导管，以保证肝脏足够的血供。

Anatomic observation of blood vessles of fetal liver

Objective To dissect and observe the portal vein, proper hepatic artery,common bile duct , umbilical vein and ductus venosus of fetal livers,in order to provide the anatomic data for auxiliary fetal liver transplantation .Method Fifty six normal fetus fixed with formalin were chosen, and the portal vein,proper hepatic artery,common bile duct, umbilical vein and ductus venosus were dissected,observed and measured.Results The length of portal vein,proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, umbilical vein and ductus venosus were 45.2±9.2mm,20.1±3.3mm,16.3±2.8mm,17.2±3.1mm,13.1±2.5mm respectively; and their diameter were 3.4 ±0.5mm,3.0±0.4mm, 1.8±0.2mm,1.8±0.2mm,3.0±0.3mm.Conclusion The blood supply of fetal liver is rich. Among the blood vessles of liver,the diameter of umbilical vein is the largest,the portal vein is the second and the proper hepatic artery is the smallest.The umbilical vein can take the place of portal vein, and portal vein can replace proper hepatic artery during auxiliary fetal liver transplantation.In order to provide with enough blood supply for liver, the ductus venosus must be ligated before transplantation.