Direct evidence of the importance of stromal urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in the growth of an experimental human breast cancer using a combined uPA gene-disrupted and immunodeficient xenograft model

Several studies have indicated an interaction between tumor cells and infiltrating stromal cells regarding the urokinase plasminogen activation (uPA) system. By developing combined uPA gene-disrupted and immunodeficient mice, we have studied the role of stromal uPA for the growth of the MDA-MB-435 BAG human tumor xenograft. Subcutaneous tumor growth and lung metastasis were compared between wild-type immunodeficient mice and mice with the combined deficiencies. Tumor growth was evaluated by volume measurements and plasma beta-galactosidase activity and metastasis was evaluated by counting lung surface metastases. Although no differences appeared in primary tumor take between the two groups of mice, a significant difference was observed in primary tumor growth, with tumors in uPA-/- mice growing significantly more slowly. In addition, a nonsignificant trend toward fewer lung metastases in uPA-/- mice was observed. The present data points to a critical role of stromal-derived uPA in the primary tumor growth of MDA-MB-435 BAG xenografts, whereas only a trend toward fewer lung metastases in uPA gene-disrupted mice was found.