食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及其毒素检测

目的了解食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况、产肠毒素特性及耐药性,为制定HACCP(Hazard Analysis andCritical Control Point,危害分析与关键控制点)防止由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食源性疾病及临床用药提供依据。方法从各大商场超市、农贸市场、酒店饭店等销售的食品中随机采集6类不同品种食品共361份,按照GB/T 4789.10-2008的方法进行金黄色葡萄球菌检测,并对检出的金黄色葡萄球菌阳性菌株进行产肠毒素检验及药敏试验。结果 361份样品共检出金黄色葡萄球菌22株,检出率6.09%,其中豆制品检出率最高(30.0%),其次为凉拌食品(10.4%),膨化食品及婴幼儿食品未检出。采自农贸市场的食品金黄色葡萄球菌检出率最高(11.1%)。由于资源有限,只对其中13株阳性菌株检测肠毒素,6株检出肠毒素,产毒力为46.15%;6株含肠毒素金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、青霉素G、阿莫西林、红霉素、阿奇霉素产生耐药性,表现出多种耐药谱。结论食品中金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的污染,尤其在豆制品、凉拌食品中比较严重;食源性金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素能力较强;食品中金黄色葡萄球菌对多种药物耐药,临床治疗应建立在体外药敏试验基础上,有针对性选择抗菌药物。

Detection of contamination of Enterotoxin of Staphylococcus Aureus in Foods

Objective To understand the contamination status of food products with Staphylococcus aureus in Huizhou, to detect the enterotoxin-producing property and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated, and to provide reference for formulation of HACCP（Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point）. Methods Three hundred and one samples of 6 kinds of food were collected randomly from major shopping malls, supermarkets, farmers＇ markets, hotels and other places, and Staphylococcus aureus was detected according to the method of GB/T 4789.10 - 2008, and then the entertoxins produced by the positive strains were detected and drug resistance of the positive strains were tested. Results Twenty-two Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from 361 samples occupied 6.09%.The positive rate of the bean products, cold food was 30% and 10.4%, respectively, and Staphylococcus aureus was not isolated from puffed food and infant food. The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus in the food collected from farmers＇ markets was the highest（11.1%）.Enterotoxin was detected from the 22 Staphylococcus aureus strains and 6 were positive with a positive rate of 46.15%.Six strains showed multiple drug resistance to oxacillin, penicillin G, amoxicillin, erythromycin and azithromycin. Conclusion Some foods were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, especially bean products and cold food .Foodborne Staphylococcus aureus has reltively high capability of producing enterotoxin and resistant to a variety of drugs. Selection of antibiotics for clinical treatment should be based on the results of drug sensitive test in vitro.