一种便携式应急甲状腺辐射监测仪的研制

目的 为满足放射性事故情况下的应急准备和响应的要求，需要对相关人员进行甲状腺的辐射测量，快速估算人员受照射剂量，尽快确定污染水平及核素种类以便进行相应处理。方法 本文研制了一种便携式的甲状腺辐射监测仪，用于应急状态下实现快速医学响应。本文利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算了不同尺寸NaI晶体的探测效率；并重点考虑了轻便性和可移动性的功能设计。本文还开发了甲状腺剂量评价软件，实现对放射性碘的摄入量和待积剂量当量的准确估算。结果 设备实现稳定可靠运行，其中能量分辨率为7%（662 keV时），探测下限小于15 Bq（对于¹³¹I），探测速度达到每小时不小于20人，总重30 kg，满足轻便、可快速移动的要求。结论 在核事故情况下，设备能快速运送到事故现场，满足应急救援队伍现场开展甲状腺的辐射监测和评估的要求，填补了技术空白。

Development of a portable device for monitoring thyroid radiation in emergency

Objective To meet the requirements of emergency preparation and response in case of radiation accidents, it is necessary to monitor the thyroid dose, estimate effective dose of the exposed individuals quickly and determine the contamination levels and nuclide types as soon as possible for corresponding treatment.Methods Based on the Monte Carlo simulation results of the detection efficiencies for different sizes of NaI detectors and considering its portability and mobility,a portable thyroid radiation dosimeter was developed for rapid medical response in nuclear emergency situations. Furthermore, a software was also developed to estimatethe intake and the committed dose equivalent of radioactive iodine.Results The device is steady and reliable.The energy resolution is 7% (662 keV), and the lower detection limit is less than 15 Bq (for ¹³¹I).The detection speed reaches no less than 20 persons per hour, and its total weight is 30 kg. It meets the requirements of being portable and can be easily disassembled and assembled.Conclusion The device can be quickly transported to the accident site in the case of emergency, which meets the requirements of the emergency rescue team to carry out the monitoring and evaluation of thyroid dose on site, filling a technical gap.