外照射急性、亚急性及慢性放射病的诊疗专家解析

本文结合国内外文献、国家职业卫生标准等解析了外照射急性、亚急性及慢性放射病的发病特点、临床表现、诊断标准和治疗原则，为外照射放射病的及时处理及规范化诊治提供依据。外照射急性放射病依据受照剂量的大小分为骨髓型、肠型和脑型，其中骨髓型急性放射病临床经过表现出明显的阶段性，早期剂量估算有助于快速准确诊断、预测病变严重程度和决定治疗策略。外照射亚急性放射病以造血组织损伤为主，临床经过时相性不明显。慢性放射病以无力型神经衰弱症候群为主要表现，多为职业性，剂量阈值是诊断的重要参考因素。外照射放射病的治疗在注重躯体治疗同时还需关注心理评估和疏导，采取综合措施，后期需进行长期系统医学随访，保障患者的身心健康。

The diagnosis and treatment of acute,subacute and chronic radiation syndrome from external exposure

The paper elaborates clinical characteristics,clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and treatment principles of acute, subacute, and chronic radiation syndrome caused by external exposure, so as to provide the basis for early and timely treatment and standardized diagnosis, which can provide guarantee for the nuclear safety application.According to the size of irradiated dose, acute radiation sickness from external exposure can be divided into bone marrow type, intestinal type and brain type. The clinical stage of bone marrow of acute radiation sickness (ARS) is obvious. Early dose estimation will contribute to early diagnosis,predict disease severity and determine treatment strategies. Subacute radiation syndrome from external exposure is hematopoietic tissue damage primarily, which has no obvious clinical stage.The main clinical manifestation of chronic radiation sickness is asthenic neurasthenia syndrome, which is mostly occupational. The dose threshold is an important reference factor for diagnosis of chronic radiation sickness (CRS). Medical management of radiation sickness from external exposure should take comprehensive measures and pay attention to psychotherapy as well as organic treatment.And long-term systematic medical follow-up of the patients should be taken in the later period to ensure the physical and mental health of patients.