Brain white matter damage in aging and cognitive ability in youth and older age |
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Authors: | Maria del C Valdés Hernández Tom Booth Catherine Murray Alan J Gow Lars Penke Zoe Morris Susana Muñoz Maniega Natalie A Royle Benjamin S Aribisala Mark E Bastin John M Starr Ian J Deary Joanna M Wardlaw |
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Institution: | 1. Brain Research Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;2. Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;3. Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, UK;4. Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;5. Department of Psychology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK;6. Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria |
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Abstract: | Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) reflect accumulating white matter damage with aging and impair cognition. The role of childhood intelligence is rarely considered in associations between cognitive impairment and WMH. We studied community-dwelling older people all born in 1936, in whom IQ had been assessed at age 11 years. We assessed medical histories, current cognitive ability and quantified WMH on MR imaging. Among 634 participants, mean age 72.7 (SD 0.7), age 11 IQ was the strongest predictor of late life cognitive ability. After accounting for age 11 IQ, greater WMH load was significantly associated with lower late life general cognitive ability (β = ?0.14, p < 0.01) and processing speed (β = ?0.19, p < 0.001). WMH were also associated independently with lower age 11 IQ (β = ?0.08, p < 0.05) and hypertension. In conclusion, having more WMH is significantly associated with lower cognitive ability, after accounting for prior ability, age 11IQ. Early-life IQ also influenced WMH in later life. Determining how lower IQ in youth leads to increasing brain damage with aging is important for future successful cognitive aging. |
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Keywords: | Cerebrovascular disease/stroke Cognition Cognitive aging MRI White matter hyperintensities Dementia |
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