某医疗机构160名放射工作人员职业健康监护状况分析

目的 进一步了解医用放射工作人员的职业健康状况，为切实保障其安全与健康提供依据。方法 对石家庄市某医疗机构160名放射工作人员一年的个人剂量监测和职业健康检查情况进行了调查，同时在该医疗机构选取了相近的非接触射线的160名工作人员作为对照组，并将相关调查结果进行了统计分析。结果 放射工作人员年有效平均剂量在0.675 3~2.312 mSv之间；各职业类别年有效平均剂量存在统计学差异（P<0.05），放射治疗组的年平均有效剂量最高为1.552 3 mSv；不同职业的调查对象剂量当量分布情况不同，核医学、放射治疗组的调查对象年平均有效剂量在5~10 mSv范围内人数较多；放射组的晶状体异常率（11.25%）高于对照组（3.75%），且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；放射组外周血的白细胞数（5.03×10⁹/L）、血红蛋白（146.34 g/L）、血小板（180.87×10⁹/L）均低于对照组（6.33×10⁹/L、169.48 g/L、222.12×10⁹/L）；放射组的染色体畸变细胞率（0.04%）与对照组（0.03%）无统计学差异（P>0.05），但微核细胞率（10.63‰）显著高于对照组（4.88‰），差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；结论 规范的职业健康监护至关重要，因此应建立健全的防护措施、增强自我防范意识，切实提高医用放射工作人员的健康水平。

Analysis on occupational health inspections of 160 radiation professionals in a single institution

Objective The present study is to study the actual situations for occupational health status of radiation related professionals, providing the rational basis for radiological health protection management.Methods The personal dose monitoring and occupational health examination of 160 radiation workers in one hospital from Shijiazhuang were included for analysis, consisting of 160 employees from the same unit.Results The average annual effective dose of radiation workers ranged from 0.6753 mSv to 2.312 mSv. There were differences in the effective average dose for each occupational year(P<0.05). The average effective dose per year for the radiation therapy subjects was the highest (1.5523 mSv). The average annual effective doses varied from different occupations(P<0.01). The average annual effective dose of 5~10 mSv was higher in the subjects of nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. The lens opacity rate of the radiation group(11.25%)was significantly higher than the control group(3.75%)(P<0.05). The peripheral blood leukocytes(5.03×10⁹/L), hemoglobin(146.34 g/L), and platelet values (180.87×10⁹/L)of the radioactive group were all lower than those of the control group (6.33×10⁹/L、169.48 g/L、222.12×10⁹/L); There was no significant difference in the chromosomal aberration cell rate between radiation group(0.04%) and control group (0.03%); however the micronucleus cells rate of the radiation group(10.63‰) were higher than the control group(4.88‰)and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).Conclusion Standardized health monitoring of radiation workers is of utmost important. More attentions should be paid to good operating habits and methods, establish and improve protective measures and maintain high degree of self-prevention awareness. The health of radiation workers would be greatly improved.