农村居民健康状况及卫生服务需求分层整群抽样调查

目的了解我国农村居民的健康状况、卫生服务需求现状及其存在的问题，探索提高我国农村居民健康水平的措施和方法，为培养适合我国城乡社区需求的适宜卫生人才提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法，在全困东西南北中的13省（直辖市、自治区）26个县（市）52个村中抽取1200户共计4190人进行人户调查。结果居民两周病伤率为27．92％。在两周病伤者中，有32．72％的患者选择找医生看病，有20．46％不采取任何措施，在患病后未采取措施的原因中，大多数患者认为病情较轻，占78．83％，其次是“经济困难”，占36．49％；居民半年慢性痫患病率为24．86％，其中以腰腿疼痛的患病率最高，占7．75％，其次为高血压，占5．48％；居民一年内在乡级卫生院就诊率为43．91％，在村卫生所就诊率为61．54％；居民患病后去卫生机构和找医生看病的占69．97％，采取“不理会”的占8．39％，自己买药吃的占20．77％；患病后就诊医疗机构首选“离家近”的占60．98％，其次是“价格便宜”，占34．02％：半数以上居民（占57．28％近三年内未作过任何体检，不定期体检的人数位居第二（占28．26％）。被查者中，有2495人（占64．19％）是从电视、报刊书籍和广播等途径经常获取保健知识；有67．29％的调查对象希望获得定期的健康检查；认为乡（镇）卫生院和村卫生所医务人员技术水平一般的分别占56．31％和61．72％，较好以上的分别仪占33．07％和24．63％。结论中国农村居民健康现状不容乐观，其保健行为需要正确引导，基层卫生机构设施条件和眼务念噬急需改善。同时提示，为农村培养适宜卫生人才已成为政府及高等医学院校当前重要任务。

Investigation of Health Status of Rural Residents and Their Demands for Health Service

Objective To investigate the health status of residents in rural areas of China as well as their needs for health service,and to explore the effective way to improve the health status of rural residents so as to provide a basis for the training of community healthcare professionals.Methods Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling,we investigated 4190 rural residents from 1200 families,which were sampled from 13 provinces of China according to the geographical distribution.Results The 2-week prevalence rate was 27.9%.32.7%of the patients saw a doctor,and 20.5%did not take any measures.Among those who did not take any measures,78.4%thought their illness was mild and did not need any treatment;and the second reason for no treatment was lack of money(accounting for 36.5%).The prevalence rate of chronic diseases during the past half year was 24.9%,among which lumbar and leg pain was the most prevalent(accounting for 7.8%),followed by hypertension(accounting for 5.5%).The rates of visiting a doctor were 43.9%and 61.5%in township level and village level health institutions,respectively,during the past one year.70.0%of the patients looked for treatment,8.4%chose to ignore,and 20.8%took medicine by themselves.Among those who visited a doctor,61.0%preferred hospitals near their houses,and 34.0%preferred those with lower expenses.More than half of the residents(accounting for 57.3%)did not have any physical examination during the past 3 years,and 28.3%did have a check-up but not regularly.Among the rural residents investigated,64.2%obtained health care knowledge from television,newspapers,books and radio broadcasting,and 67.3%were desirous of regular physical examination.56.3%and 33.1% of the rural residents considered the skill of the healthcare professionals in town-level institutions to be acceptable and satisfactory,respectively;and 61.7%and 24.6%evaluated the skill of those in village-level institutions to be acceptable and satisfactory,respectively.Conclusion The health status of rural residents is not optimistic,and their health behaviors need to be correctly guided,and the medical facilities and healthcare service quality of primary healthcare institutions should be improved.It is suggested that the government and medical colleges take the responsibility to train healthcare professionals for the primary health care in rural areas.