居室装修后室内空气污染及变化趋势

目的]调查居室装修后的室内空气污染状况,分析甲醛及挥发性有机污染物浓度随时间推移的变化趋势。方法]随机选择95户装修竣工时间分别为〈3个月、3个月～、6个月～、9个月～、12～24个月的居室作为装修组,20户装修时间超过5年的居室作为对照组,测定室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、（对、间、邻）二甲苯和乙苯浓度。结果]装修组室内甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯的平均含量分别为0.139、0.163、0.294、0.325、0.152mg/m^3,均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;各污染物的超标率在37.9%～80.0%,其中超标率最高的是甲醛。装修后3个月内甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯浓度较高,分别为0.297、0.391、0.535、0.594、0.454mg/m^3。3个月以后,室内污染物浓度逐渐降低,约于1年后下降到国家标准。结论]居室装修可造成较严重的室内空气污染,随着竣工时间的延长,室内污染物浓度逐渐下降。

Analysis of Indoor Air Pollution and Concentration Tendency of Pollutants in Newly Decorated Rooms

Objective ] To investigate indoor air pollution conditions and to analyze the concentration tendency of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in indoor air in newly decorated rooms. Methods ] A total of 95 apartments in Taiyuan City decorated within the last 2 years and 20 apartments decorated over 5 years were randomly selected. According to the time from the completion of decoration, the 95 apartments were divided into 5 groups （ 3-month group, 3-6-month group, 6-9-month group, 9-12-month group, and 12-24-month group ）and its concentration of pollutants in indoor air was determined. The 20 apartments decorated over 5 years were regarded as the control group and the concentration of pollutants in indoor air was also determined. Results ] The mean concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene （ ortho-xylene, metaxylene, para-xylene ）and ethylbenzene in indoor air in decorated rooms were 0.139, 0.163, 0.294, 0.325, and 0.152 mg/m^3, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than those in the control rooms （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The exceeding standard rates of pollutants in decorated rooms were between 37.9% and 80.0%. The exceeding standard rate for formaldehyde was the highest. The concentrations of these pollutants in indoor air were highest in the 3-month group, and were 0.297, 0.391, 0.535, 0.594, and 0.454 mg/m^3, respectively. The concentrations of the pollutants in indoor air gradually decreased after 3 months and reached the national standard about one year after the completion of decoration. Conclusion ] Apartment decoration can cause serious indoor air pollution. The concentrations of indoor air pollutants gradually decreased with increased time from the completion of decoration.