中日产川芎的matK、ITS基因序列及其物种间的亲缘关系

目的分析中国产川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.及日本产川芎Cnidium officinale Makino的核基因组ITS和叶绿体基因组matK序列,为探讨中日产川芎物种间的亲缘关系提供分子依据。方法采用PCR直接测序技术测定川芎和日本川芎的ITS基因和matK基因核苷酸序列并作序列变异分析。结果川芎和日本川芎的matK序列长度均为1268 bp,编码422个氨基酸。ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列长度均为699 bp,其中18S rRNA基因3′端序列54 bp,ITS1序列215 bp,5.8S rRNA基因序列162 bp,ITS2序列222 bp,26S rRNA基因5′端序列46 bp。根据排序比较,川芎原植物与其商品药材间的matK基因和ITS基因序列完全相同,而川芎与日本川芎间matK基因则仅有1个变异位点,即在上游959 nt处1个转换替代(T→C),反映在氨基酸序列则发生一个非同义取代V(GTG)→A(GCG);ITS基因也仅有1个变异位点,即在ITS1上游54 nt处1个转换替代(T→C)。结论通过进化速率较快的基因序列同源性分析,基本可以认为中日所产川芎基原一致,日本川芎学名似应改为Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.。

matK AND ITS NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING OF CRUDE DRUG CHUANXIONG AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THEIR SPECIES FROM CHINA AND JAPAN

AIM: To provide more molecular evidences for species relationship between Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.) from China and Japanese Chuanxiong (Senkyu in Japanese) (Cnidium officinale Makino). METHODS: To sequence such two genes as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) from nuclear rDNA and maturase for lysine (matK) in tRNA(lys) (UUU) intron from chloroplast DNA of both Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale using PCR direct sequencing and to analyze the sequence variation of two genes between these two species. RESULTS: The matK gene sequence of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale is 1268 bp in length, coding 422 amino acids of maturase protein. ITS gene sequence 699 bp, consisting of 54 bp of 18S rRNA-3', 215 bp of ITS1, 162 bp of 5.8S rRNA, 222 bp of ITS2, 46 bp of 26S rRNA-5'. Multiple sequence alignment shows that the sequence of two genes between dried crude drug and fresh voucher material of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale, there is 1 variable site (T-->C) in matK (upstream at 595 nt) and ITS (ITS1 at 54 nt) between Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale. CONCLUSION: Based on homology analysis of two genes plastid matK and nuclear ITS, the origin of Chuanxiong from China and Japan ought to be identical, the scientific name Cnidium officinale of Japanese Chuanxiong should be changed to Ligusticum chuanxiong.