甘肃省盲聋哑学校283名聋哑学生的病因分析

目的 在我国甘肃省聋哑人群中进行系统性的耳聋病因研究，即耳聋病因的临床流行病学分析，明确不同致聋因素所占比例，为将来开展耳聋易感基因的分子流行病学研究，寻找致病根源，有效开展耳聋预防和干预工作提供参考依据。方法 填写问卷式调查表、电话家访，了解聋哑学生详细的耳聋病史；声导抗检查和听性脑干反应测试，了解聋哑学生双耳听功能状况；经全身及耳鼻咽喉常规检查，将表现出综合征性耳聋常见特殊体征的聋哑学生排除在本研究对象选择范围外。结果 临床流行病学的调查结果显示，药物性耳聋位居病因之首．并主要与使用庆大霉素和链霉素有关；其次为家族遗传、近亲婚配、母孕期不良因素致聋等；耳聋病因不明者亦占较大的比例。结论 通过临床流行病学初步调查分析了甘肃省聋哑人的致聋原因，今后尚需借助分子生物学理论和技术，从基因水平进行耳聋病因学的深入研究。

Etiological analysis of 283 deaf students at Gansu School for the Deaf-Blind in Gansu Province of China

Objective To analyze the clinical epidemiologieal profile of deaf-mutism in Gansu Province with the purpose of understanding the common causative effects, thus getting more available information for further development of the early diagnosis and intervention program for deaf children. Methods The medical history about the students in a school for the deaf was taken through a questionnaire and telephone interiew from their parents and teaehers. All the subjects underwent general physical examination and otolaryngologieal examination which included acoustic immittanee and auditory brainstem response tests. Results The epidemiologieal results showed that ototoxie deafness ranked as the principal cause being concerned mainly with gentamiein and streptomycin, next followed sequentially by family heredity, consanguineous marriage, risk factors during pregnancy, et cetera. Deafness of unknown eanse constituted a substantial proportion. Condusion The elinieal epidemiologieal analysis identified possible eausative faetors of the deaf ehildren, further genetie and moleeular biologieal studies are needed.