支气管哮喘诊断状况调查与分析

目的调查支气管哮喘诊断不足状况并分析相关因素。方法不加选择地对５７例门诊哮喘患者进行问卷调查，内容包括发作时主要症状，首次出现症状时间，首次就诊时间，首次确诊时间，确诊依据和被误诊病种等。计算起病至首诊年限，首诊至确诊年限，延误诊断率，并按１９８０年前后发病分组进行对比研究。结果起病１年内就诊率为９６％；首诊至确诊年限为９±１年，１９８０年前后分别为１１１±２３年、１５±０３年，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；延误诊断率为４２％，１９８０年前后分别为７５％、１５％，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。依据肺功能检测确诊的仅占２０％。结论医生对哮喘的认识和诊断水平低是导致哮喘诊断不足的根本原因；近２０年这一状况有所改善，但仍需进一步提高诊断能力，特别应大力提倡肺功能有关指标的检测

Investigation and analysis of the diagnostic status of bronchial asthma

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of delayed diagnosis of the bronchial asthma and related factors. METHOD: 57 asthmatic outpatients were investigated randomly by questionnaire including main symptoms of asthmatic attack, the date of initial attack, the date of initial visit physician, and initial diagnosis, the basis of diagnosis and the names of misdiagnosed diseases. Then according to the above-mentioned data the duration of delayed diagnosis, the rate of delayed diagnosis were calculated. RESULT: 96% of outpatients saw physician within 1 yr. after initial attack. The duration from initial visit to making diagnosis were 11.1 +/- 2.3, and 1.5 +/- 0.3 yr. before and after 1980, respectively, and their rate of delayed diagnosis were 75%, 15%, respectively. Both of their differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Only 20% of diagnosis of asthma was by pulmonary function test. CONCLUSION: The majority of the delayed diagnosis should be due to making the mis-understanding and underattention of physician to the asthma, and their diagnostic levels should need further improving.