大肠腺瘤细胞癌变过程中差异表达蛋白的研究进展

大肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤,而大肠腺瘤被认为是大肠癌的癌前病变之一,腺瘤-腺癌序列(正常大肠上皮-腺瘤-腺癌)也被认为是经典的大肠癌发病过程.研究表明,大肠腺瘤恶变的过程中,多种蛋白的表达水平会发生变化,某些蛋白发生结构的变化,这些蛋白涉及许多种如细胞内酶蛋白、骨架相关蛋白、信号蛋白等.其致癌机制也有很大差别,并且还未完全明确.本文就近年来这些差异表达的蛋白质进行综述,并对其可能的致癌机制进行简要描述.近年来蛋白组学技术也得到了快速发展,由于其检测手段先进,高通量而且可以同时检测多种蛋白,已经被逐步应用于差异蛋白的检测和定性,所以本文就大肠腺瘤与腺癌之间的差异蛋白组学也做了简要介绍,有助于早期发现大肠癌的标志物,早期诊断及了解其发病机制.

Differential expression of proteins during the canceration of colorectal adenoma cells

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most frequently seen malignant tumors of the gastric tract.Colorectal adenomas are considered to be precancerous lesions of colorectal carcinoma. The adenoma-carcinoma sequence has traditionally been characterized as a uniform progression from normal mucosa to adenoma to carcinoma through an underlying homogenous carcinogenic pathway.Current research indicates that some proteins are differentially expressed in colorectal adenomas during their carcinomatous changes.These proteins include cell skeleton-related proteins,intracellular enzymes and proteins involved in cellular signal transduction.The functional roles of these proteins in the carcinomatous changes of colorectal adenomas differ greatly from each other and have not yet been fully clarified.This article reviews these differentially expressed proteins and briefly describes the possible mechanism by which these proteins cause the malignant transition from colorectal adenoma to colorectal carcinoma.Furthermore,proteomic technology has developed rapidly and has been simultaneously applied to the detection and characterization of various kinds of proteins due to its high throughput and convenient nature. This article also introduces the utilization of proteomics to identify and compare proteins that are differentially expressed between colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma.Research on these proteins may lead to the identification of cancer markers that could subsequently facilitate the early diagnosis and further understanding of colorectal carcinoma.