军队老干部膳食结构及微量元素摄入15年变化分析

目的了解军队老干部在15年中膳食结构及微量元素摄入的变化情况。方法对1995、2005和2010年来我院疗养的军队老干部进行膳食调查,并对膳食中铁、锌、硒、铜、锰五种微量元素摄入情况进行分析与评价。结果 膳食结构中,谷类食物摄入逐年下降,已经接近中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐摄入量的低值;肉类、食盐、烹调油摄入量逐年升高并大大超过推荐量;乳类摄入量明显不足;热能、蛋白质、烟酸、VB1、VC、VE及胆固醇的摄入已超过推荐量,且呈逐渐上升趋势,VA、VB2及钙摄入量呈明显上升趋势,但还未达到推荐摄入量;脂肪供能比增长较快,2010年已达38.5%,大大超过推荐摄入量。微量元素铁、锌、硒摄入量呈逐年上升趋势,至2010年军队老干部膳食中铁、锌、硒、铜、锰五种微量元素已基本达到推荐摄入量。结论军队老干部营养状况改善明显,各种微量元素摄入量普遍得到提高,但脂肪、胆固醇、食盐摄入过高及乳类摄入不足的问题还比较严重,应继续加强营养宣传教育和正确引导。

Analysis on changes of dietary pattern and the intake of trace elements of the military old cadres during 15-year

Objective To investigate the changes of dietary pattern and the intake of trace elements of the military old cadres during the past 15 years.Methods Dietary investigation were performed on old cadres convalescented in the nutrition department of Hangzhou sanatorium of Nanjing military command in 1995,2005 and 2010,and dietary iron,zinc,selenium,copper,manganese intake of five kinds of trace elements were analyzed and evaluated.Results In the structure of diet,the intake of cereals was decreasing year after year,had already approached to the minimum value of recommended intake（RNI）,the intake of meat,salt,cooking oil are improving and outclassing RNI year by year.Milk intake was lack significantly.Intakes of energy,protein,nicotinic acid,thiamine（VB1）,vitamin C and cholesterol has exceeded RNI,and showed a gradual upward trend.The intake of ascorbic acid（VA）,riboflavin（VB2）,and calcium was significantly increased,but not reached the RNI.The ratio of fat to energy grew faster,which reached 38.5% in 2010 and exceeded 25% of RNI greatly.The intake of iron,zinc,selenium of the veteran army showed an upward trend in recent years,dietary iron,zinc,selenium,copper,manganese and trace elements has reached the RNI in 2010.Conclusion The nutritional status of the military veteran has significantly improved,the intake of various trace elements generally improved,but the more serious problem is that fat,cholesterol,and salt intake is too high while milk intake inadequate.Therefore,we should pay more attention to the health education and nutrition interventions in the future.