上海市新发和输入性传染病防控工作的实践和思考

新发传染病日益增多,对人类健康、动物健康和环境健康等构成严重威胁。针对新发和输入性传染病,本市通过加强疾病预防三级网络建设,构建拓展传染病监测体系和搭建多部门联防联控合作机制,建立起敏感、高效、有力的新发和输入性传染病防控体系。2003年以来,通过有效防控传染性非典型肺炎、甲型H1N1流感、人感染H7N9禽流感等新发传染病和有效应对埃博拉出血热、中东呼吸综合征以及寨卡病毒病和黄热病等新发和输入性传染病疫情,本市新发和输入性传染病监测与应对能力明显提升,防控体系通过实战检验日渐完善。面对本市面临的特大型国际城市传染病防控压力日益增大,全球化背景下新发和输入性传染病防控形势日益严峻,新发和输入性传染病防控技能有待提高,以及传染病防控人员构成与社会需求不匹配等挑战,本市应加强传染病监测预警技术建设,提高传染病监测敏感性与预警能力,建立新发传染病症候群监测系统,加强人员培训,开展国内外合作交流,切实保障城市公共卫生安全和市民健康。

Practice and consideration on prevention and control of the emerging and imported infectious diseases

The health of human, animal and environment is under serious threat from the increasing emerging infectious diseases (EID). Through strengthening the three-level disease prevention network, expanding infectious disease surveillance system and multi-sectoral joint cooperation mechanism, the quick, effective and strong prevention and control system of emerging and imported infectious diseases has been established in Shanghai. Since 2013, through effective control of EIDs such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza A H1N1 and H7N9 avian influenza, as well as imported infectious diseases (ⅡD) such as Ebola virus disease, middle east respirators syndrome(MERS), Zika virus disease and yellow fever, the surveillance and response capacity has been improved significantly, and the prevention and control system has been improved gradually. As an international megalopolis under globalization, Shanghai is faced with the challenges as follows:growing pressure to infectious diseases prevention and control, increasingly serious situation of EIDs and ⅡDs; prevention and control skills need to be improved and the current personnel cannot meet with the demands. In order to meet the challenges, infectious disease monitoring and early warning technology should be strengthened; the sensitivity of infectious disease surveillance and early-warning capacity should be improved; EID symptom complex monitoring system should be established; personnel training should be strengthened, domestic and international cooperation and exchange should be carried out; so as to safeguard public health security and public health in Shanghai.