Infections in the NICU: Neonatal sepsis |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;2. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neonatology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;1. Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7009, United States;2. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States;3. Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery and Center for Fetal Care, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States;4. Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States;1. UPMC Children''s Hospital of Pittsburgh, USA;2. Akron Children''s Hospital, USA |
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| Abstract: | Neonatal infections remain an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neonatal sepsis is a systemic infection that can be classified as early-onset or late-onset pending the timing of presentation. The pathophysiology and causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis vary, with early-onset sepsis being associated with a vertically transmitted infection from mother to neonate versus late onset sepsis being commonly associated with nosocomial infections. The signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis mimic those associated with prematurity, making timely diagnosis difficult for treating clinicians. The management of neonatal sepsis is centered around obtaining adequate culture data and initiation of broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics. Controversies surrounding the management of neonatal sepsis include the administration of empiric antibiotics, given recent clinical studies associating early antibiotic use with clinical sequelae such as late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and death in the preterm, low-birthweight infant population. |
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