Interaction of intensity and order regarding painful events |
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Authors: | Brandon N Kyle Daniel W McNeil Benjamin J Weinstein and James D Mark |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, P. O. Box 6040, Morgantown, WV 26506-6040, USA |
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Abstract: | While stimulus intensity obviously affects degree of pain responding, presentation order effects of stimuli of different intensities
on acute pain responses are under-researched. The present study examined the effects of manipulating presentation order of
lower and higher pain stimulus intensity. Using 96 undergraduates, this investigation employed a 2 × 2 mixed research design,
with pain stimulus sequence as a between-subjects variable and pain stimulus trial as a repeated measure. When the greater
pain stimulus intensity was presented last, verbal report of pain was higher. Also, performance of a cognitive task was interrupted
the least when the lower stimulus intensity was presented last. Heart rate, however, was highest when the greater stimulus
intensity was presented first, and pain tolerance was greatest when the lower stimulus intensity was presented first. Results
are discussed in relation to adaptation-level effects, and implications for pain experienced in clinical settings are suggested.
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Keywords: | Pain intensity Order effects Multimodal assessment |
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