上海市某幼儿园营养不良儿童膳食摄人量调查及干预研究

【目的】评估某幼儿园集体儿童及营养不良儿童的膳食质量，并对营养不良儿童采取综合干预措施。【方法】①膳食评估方法据该园22天每日一餐两点食物称重、食谱及用餐人数记录，及营养不良儿童剩菜剩饭记录，运用YL-2A营养专用电脑，进行三大营养及矿物质与维生素供给量和报入量统计。②营养不良儿童筛选方法按WH0年龄别体重第3百分位值作为营养不良儿童筛选值。【结果】集体儿童能量供给量与营养不良儿童量摄入量分别为(2712.82±258.32)kJ和(2116.03±248.44)kJ，蛋白质为(21.7±2.6)和(17.0±2.0)克，脂肪为(22.7±4.9)和(18.1±3.1)克，碳水化合物为(86.4±16.3)和(72.0±9.9)克，营养不良儿童膳食热能与三大营养素摄入量仅占推荐供给量(RDA)的79.1％、78.3％、83.3％和79.7％。集体和营养不良儿童膳食中蛋白质脂肪碳水化合物供能比较为理想，分别为13.431.553.2和13.231.656.1。膳食中优质蛋白质两者均占总蛋白质的50％以上。集体儿童膳食中铁和烟酸的供给量动、静态指标均不佳。营养不良儿童膳食中矿物质和维生素大多数均不足，主要有钙、锌、维生素A、E、B1、B2。对全园5名营养不良儿童采取综合干预措施1年后，全部转为正常儿童。【结论】营养不良儿童热能和三大营养素摄入量明显低于供给量。采取合理的综合干预措施可有效提高营养不良儿童的营养状况。

A Survey of Dietary and Nutrition Status and Comprebensive Intervention Measures in Malnutrition Children of a NurserySchool

【Objective】 To estimate the dietary quality of healthy and malnutrition children in a nursery school of shanghai,and provide comprehensive intervention measures to malnutrition children. 【 Methods】 ① Dietary survey: Calculate the energy and nutrients for 22 days by daily weighted food record of April and May of 1999.② Screen of malnutrition children:Defined the cut off point of weight for age as ＜ P3 . 【Results】 The mean energy and protein , fat , carbohydrate in diets of healthy and malnutrition children were(2 712.82 ± 258.32)iJ and (2 116.03 ± 248.44)kJ,(21.7 ± 2.6)g and (17.0± 2.0)g,(22.7 ± 4.9)g and (18.1± 3.1 ) g, and (86.4 ± 16.3) g and (72.0 ± 9.9) g respectively. Intakes of energy 、 protein fat and carbohydrate in diets of malnutrition were 78.1%,78.3%,83.3% and 79.7% respectively comparing with RDA.The energy ratios of protein/fat/carbohydrate in diets of healthy and malnutrition children were 13.4/31.5/53.2 and 13.2/31.6/56.1 respectively. The protein from animals and bean products was over 50% of total protein in both diets. The supplies of Fe,Vit PP were good either in mean level or in daily level;but Vit B2 supply was only good in mean level, not in daily level. The intakes of most minerals and vitamins were deficiency in diets of malnutrition children,such as Ca,Zn, Vit A,E,B1 ,B2. All of the malnutrition children were changed in healthy state after comprehensive intervention carried out for 1 year. 【Conclusions】 The intakes of energy 、 protein、 fat and carbohydrate were lower in diets of malnutrtion children than those of healthy. The comprehensive intervention are effective in improving nutrition state of malnutrition children.