胎膜早破的危险因素及其与母婴并发症的关系

目的探讨胎膜早破的危险因素及其对母儿的影响。方法对150例无妊娠合并症的胎膜早破产妇资料进行回顾性分析，并以150例健康孕妇作为对照。结果多次妊娠、阴道炎、头盆不称、胎位异常是胎膜早破主要病因。胎膜早破组的剖宫产率、早产率、新生儿窒息、新生儿肺炎及宫内感染发病率均较对照组显著升高（P〈0．01）。破膜时间超过24h者其新生儿窒息、新生儿肺炎及宫内感染的发生率均显著高于破膜时间小于24h者（P〈0．01）。结论胎膜早破对母儿危害严重，加强孕前保健、及时干预是预防胎膜早破、减少母婴并发症的有效措施。

Risk factors of premature rupture of membranes and its effects on the pregnancy and infancy

Objective To study the risk factors of premature rupture of membranes （PROM） and its effects on the pregnancy and infancy. Methods The data of 150 cases of PROM women without pregnant complications or other diseases and 150 cases without PROM as the controls were analyzed retrospectively. Results Multiple pregnancy, vaginitis, cephalopelvic disproportion and abnormal position of fetus were the aetiological factors of PROM. The rate of cesarean section, premature delivery, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal pneumonia and intrauterine infection were higher significantly in the PROM group than that in the control group（P〈0.01）. The rate of neonatal asphyxia, neonatal pneumonia and intrauterine infection were higher significantly in the PROM group beyond 24 hours than that group within 24 hours （P〈0.01）. Conclusion PROM is harmful to both the pregnancy and infancy. Reinforcing the pregestational care and taking promptly intervention are the main effective measures to prevent PROM and to reduce the complications.