B超引导穿刺的标准通道经皮肾镜碎石术治疗马蹄肾肾结石

目的评价B超引导穿刺的标准通道（F24）经皮肾镜碎石术治疗马蹄肾肾结石的安全性和有效性。方法2005年9月～2008年1月共收治马蹄肾肾结石44例（51侧肾结石）,其中单发结石24侧,多发结石18侧,鹿角状结石9侧,结石长径（24.4±5.8）mm。采用B超引导穿刺的标准通道（F24）经皮肾镜碎石术,超声粉碎并清除结石。结果44例均一期建立通道并碎石,其中单通道49侧肾,双通道2侧肾;经上盏建立通道31个,经中盏20个,经下组肾盏2个。手术时间（48.4±11.9）min,一期手术结石清除率88.2%（45/51）,接受二次手术清除残余结石3例。术后血红蛋白含量较术前下降（11.3±3.7）%。围手术期无输血,与手术相关的感染发生率为5.9%（3/51）,无气胸或腹腔脏器损伤。44例随访6～20个月,平均11.4月,1例残余结石排出,术后6个月结石复发率为2.0%（1/51）,1年结石复发率为6.5%（3/46）。结论B超引导穿刺的标准通道经皮肾镜碎石术治疗马蹄肾肾结石有效、安全。

Ultrasonography-Guided Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Calculi within Horseshoe Kidneys

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy（PCNL）guided by ultrasonography for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.Methods From September 2005 to January 2008,44 patients with calculi within horseshoe kidneys（51 sides）underwent ultrasonography-guided F24-tract PCNL in our hospital.Among the cases,single calculus was found in 24 kidneys,multiple calculi were detected in 18,and staghorn calculi in 9.The stones sized（24.4±5.8）mm in length.Results All the operations were completed in one session,single tract was established in 49 kidneys,while double tracts were used in the other 2;31 of the tracts were made through the upper calyx,20 via the middle calyx,and 2 through the lower calyx.The mean operation time was（48.4±11.9）min.The stone-free rate after one-session operation was 88.2%（45/51）,3 cases received a second-session PCNL to remove the residual calculi.After the operation,the hemoglobin decreased by（11.3±3.7）% in the patients,none of them received blood transfusion.Postoperative rate of surgery-related infection was 5.9%（3/51）.No pleural or abdominal injury occurred.44 patients were followed up for 11.4 months,during the period one of the 3 patients who received the second-session surgery achieved stone-free.The rate of recurrence at 6 months was 2.0%（1/51）,and 6.5% at 1 year（3/46）.Conclusions Ultrasonography-guided standard PCNL is effective and safe for calculi within horseshoe kidneys.