辽宁省地方性氟中毒防治现状及建议

目的了解辽宁省防氟改水工作现状,总结防治经验,分析存在的问题,提出改进建议。方法应用现有防治调查资料进行分析。结果 2003年,辽宁省确认2705个地方性氟中毒(地氟病)病区,改水1 713 个村屯,改水率63．33%,有效地控制了病情,全省约70％病区达到控制标准。2003年地氟病病区水氟超标村屯占被调查村屯的55．92％,较1999年超标村屯的30．62％增加近25个百分点。全省86．80％的降氟工程为 1995年之前修建,十余年来由于相关部门和人员对其保护意识淡化或漠视,设备老化又疏于管理,人为或自然灾害的损坏,资金短缺无力维修,新建工程启动不畅并且速度缓慢,致使降氟改水工程停用,报废率达54．74％, 其他原因所致的不合格率为15．46％。造成56万病区人民重喝高氟水,部分病区病情回升。结论认清形势,改变现状,是辽宁省地氟病未来工作的重中之重。

Endemic fluorosis:current status of prevention and control in Liaoning

Objective To explore the current status of water defluoridation in Liaoning and to summarize the experience in preventing and controlling endemic flourosis in order to find out the exiting problem and the way of improvement Methods Surveillance data available were analyzed. Results In 2003, 2 705 villages in the province were confirmed as the endemic fluorosis areas, and 1 713 villages underwent the project of waterdefluoridation , accounting for 63.33%, by which the prevalence was effectively controlled in about 70% of fluorosis areas. In the same period, 55.92% of the surveyed villages had a fluoride level exceeding the standard, which was a 25% increase compared to that of 1999. The 86.80% of the defluoriding projects all over the province had been built before 1995. 54.7% of the projects were discarded or stopped in use for decades, due to neglect of protection, mismanagement by the personnel in charge, wear and tear, personal and natural damage and shortage in money to repair or rebuild. Up to 15.46% of the projects were disqualified due to other reasons. All these caused 560 thousand people in the fluorosis areas to drink high fluoride water again and the prevalence to rise up. Conclusions It is very important to recognize the situation and change the present status for the future work of the endemic fluorosis in Liaoning.