牛松质骨复合骨髓基质干细胞植入治疗兔股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的：探讨骨髓基质干细胞在股骨头坏死中的修复和治疗作用，为临床提供理论依据。方法：获取并培养新西兰大白兔的骨髓基质干细胞至第三代细胞长满后消化制成悬液，复合于自制的牛松质骨中备用。29只新西兰大白兔随机分为4组：A组为单纯造模组、B组为髓芯减压组、C组为自体骨髓基质干细胞移植组、D组为异体骨髓基质干细胞移植组。A组于术后1、2、4、6、8周，B、C、D组分别于术后2、4、6、8周处死动物，观察所获股骨头标本组织切片光镜检查和组织图像分析。结果：A组随时间增长逐渐出现骨小粱紊乱，软骨囊性变。C、D组8周时钻孔中心出现骨小梁结构，而B组只在钻孔边缘出现密度增高，钻孔中心无变化。结论：骨髓基质干细胞移植能够治疗股骨头坏死，且异体骨髓基质干细胞和自体骨髓基质干细胞移植治疗兔股骨头坏死的疗效差异无统计学意义。同时，牛松质骨可以作为一种较好的载体应用于骨组织工程学。

Experimental study on treatment of femoral head necrosis in rabbit with transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells inoculated in spongy bone

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of femoral head necrosis treated with transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells and to provide reasonable theory to clinic. Methods Bone marrow stromal cell of rabbits were obtained and cultured. The third generation of cultured cells were inoculated in spongy bone of cattle.Twenty-nine rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group A as model group,group B as core decompression group,group C as autograft group,group D as allograft group. In group A, one rabbit was sacrificed at 1,2,4,6,8 weeks respectively. Two rabbits in group B, C, D were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks respectively after operation. All of the femoral head obtained were examined with microscope and tissue image analysis. Results In group A, with the time going, bone trabeculae became irregular and cartilage became cystis degeneration. In group B,the density raised up around the drilled hole and remained the same in the drilled hole. In group C and D, at 8 weeks, the trabeculae were appeared in the drilled hole.Conclusion Bone marrow stromal cells transplantation can treat femoral head necrosis and there is no significant difference in the treatment of femoral head necrosis with bone marrow stromal cells transplantation between autografting and allografting. Spongy bone of cattle can be well used as carrier in bone tissue engineering.