Prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus

Venous thromboembolism is common in the perioperative period and in hospitalized medical patients. Difficulties with diagnosis and the risks of treatment make prevention a clinical imperative. To minimize morbidity and mortality, all hospital patients should be assessed for the risk of thromboembolism and bleeding, in order to receive the appropriate prophylaxis. A range of mechanical and pharmacological interventions have been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism. Anaesthetic interventions can also modify risk. Newer oral anticoagulants have been developed for use after major orthopaedic surgery.