3362名医学研究生职业暴露监测

目的了解医学研究生职业暴露的基本情况,为制定职业防护措施提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析某三级甲等教学医院2011年1月—2013年12月在院研究生职业暴露监测资料。结果共监测3 362名在院研究生,发生职业暴露56例,职业暴露率为1.67%。最常见的职业暴露部位为左手大拇指(15例,占26.79%),职业暴露环节以手术中最高(29例,占51.79%),手术和诊疗操作过程中共发生职业暴露40例(71.43%),均属于锐器伤。暴露源患有血源性传播疾病者46例,占82.14%。发生职业暴露者以外科学研究生居多(37名,占66.07%),硕士研究生的职业暴露率(2.31%)高于博士研究生(0.28%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.325,P0.001)。经及时处理及预防用药,发生职业暴露的研究生无1人感染。结论加强研究生尤其是硕士研究生的职业安全教育,提高防护意识;规范各项操作流程,实施标准防护;暴露发生后及时有效的处理是减少医学研究生发生职业暴露的重要措施。

Monitoring on occupational exposure among 3 362 medical postgraduates

ObjectiveTo realize basic status of occupational exposure among medical postgraduates, and provide theoretical evidence for making occupational precaution measures.MethodsData about occupational exposure among medical postgraduates in a teaching hospital between January 2011 and December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 3 362 medical postgraduates were monitored, 56 (1.67%) sustained occupational exposure. The most common occupational exposure sites were left hand thumbs(n=15, 26.79%）, occupational exposure most frequently occurred during operation（n=29，51.79%），a total of 40(71.43%) occupational exposure occurred during the process of operation and invasive procedure,all were sharp injuries. 46(82.14%) exposure sources were with bloodborne transmitted diseases. Surgery students accounted for 66.07%(n=37) of students sustained occupational exposure, exposure rate in master’s candidates was higher than doctoral candidates(2.31% vs 0.28%，χ2=18.325，P＜0.001）. After timely treatment and preventive medication, none of the students were infected.ConclusionIt is necessary to strengthen the occupational safety education for medical postgraduates, improve precaution awareness, standardize all kinds of procedures,and implement standard precaution; timely and effective treatment after exposure is important for reducing occupational injury among medical postgraduates.