中国四城市社区居民卒中知识水平相关因素分析

目的 调查中国四城市社区居民卒中知识水平，分析其知识水平的相关因素。方法 在北京、上海、长沙及成都四城市各选择两个社区，在两个社区内以户为单位采用系统抽样方法，每个社区至少选择300户居民，每户确定一人填写自行设计的调查问卷。调查前统一培训社区医生，调查问卷由社区医生入户填写完成。调查问卷内容包括：①接受调查者的一般资料：性别、年龄、文化程度等；②卒中相关知识：卒中危险因素、高血压及糖尿病的治疗、卒中的早期症状、发生卒中症状后如何就诊，以及获得卒中知识来源等。结果 共完成2519份调查问卷。①社区居民对卒中危险因素的知晓率为44.2%～87.7%，对常见卒中症状的知晓率为58.2%～80.2%；②社区居民希望获取卒中知识的主要途径为医生讲解的健康大课堂（77.7%）、电视（73.1%）、报纸（59.6%）、宣传短片（43.6%）、杂志（39.2%）；③社区居民卒中知识积分与其文化程度正相关（rs =0.114，P <0.001），与年龄呈负相关（rs =-0.152，P <0.001）；④女性的卒中知识水平高于男性（P <0.001）。结论 本研究所调查的中国四城市社区居民对卒中相关知识认知不足，需要给予健康教育。加强教育目标人群主要为高龄、低文化程度、男性及卒中风险高危的居民。教育途径主要应集中在医生（包括社区医生）举办的健康大课堂、电视及报纸等。

Analysis of Related Factors on Awareness of Community Residents with Stroke-Related Knowledge in Four Cities in China

Objective To analyze the related factors on awareness of community residents with stroke-related knowledge in four cities in China. Methods Two communities were respectively selected from Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha and Chengdu. We investigated the awareness of community residents with stroke-related knowledge through questionnaires. Using systematic sampling and the household as a unit, at least 300 households were chosen in one community. One person was selected in each household to fill the self-designed questionnaire. Uniform training of community physicians before the survey, the community physicians completed the survey by face to face indoor-investigation. Questionnaire include： （1）general information on community residents, including gender, age, education level, etc., （2） stroke-related knowledge, including stroke risk factors, treatment measures of hypertension and diabetes, early symptoms of stroke, transportation methods of stroke patients to hospital and sources of stroke knowledge. Results Total integral questionnaires were 2519. The investigation showed that （1）the awareness percentage of the stroke risk factors were 44.2%-87.7%; the awareness percentage of the early symptoms of stroke were 58.2%-80.2%; community residents would prefer to acquire stroke knowledge through health education lectures by doctors（77.7%）, television（73.1%）,newspapers（59.6%）, propaganda video（43.6%） and magazines（39.2%）; （2）the stroke knowledge score and education level were positively correlated（G=0.114, P〈0.001）, and age was negatively correlated（rs=-0.152, P〈0.001）. （4）the knowledge level of women was higher than men. Conclusion At present, the community residents in China are lacking in knowledge about stroke. Going forward, we should strengthen health education through health education lectures by doctors, television, newspapers, propaganda video and magazines. Targeted educational populations should be directed at those who are elderly or male and those people with lower education or high stroke risk.