Management of esophageal stenting-associated esophagotracheal fistula,tracheal stenosis and tracheal rupture: a case report and review of the literature

Objective: Although the placement of esophageal self-expandable stents (SES) can effectively relieve dysphagia after radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer (EC), it may induce severe esophageal complications. This article reports a case of emergency endotracheal intubation in an EC patient who suddenly developed severe dyspnea two months after SES placement. Methods: Electronic bronchoscopy of the patient’s airway confirmed the diagnosis of esophagotracheal fistula, tracheal stenosis and tracheal rupture. Endotracheal intubation was successfully performed under the guidance of electronic bronchoscopy. Results: Dyspnea due to tracheal stenosis was relieved effectively by inserting the tracheal catheter to a proper place under the guidance of electronic bronchoscopy. Conclusion: Bronchoscopic examination is strongly recommended in EC patients who are highly suspected as having airway stenosis associated with esophageal stenting, for which endotracheal intubation under the guidance of bronchoscopy is suggested.